International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT)

Successful Management of Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy in a Primigravida with Dilation and Evacuation: A Case Report

2025-01-07T14:20:13+03:00

Cervical ectopic pregnancy (CEP) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition, particularly in primigravid patients. This case presents a 20-year-old primigravida with painless vaginal bleeding at 8 weeks of amenorrhea, diagnosed with CEP via early pregnancy ultrasound. The patient underwent a successful emergency dilation and evacuation (D&E) procedure, preserving fertility and preventing excessive hemorrhage. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and follow-up ultrasound confirmed complete evacuation. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and careful management of CEP, particularly in terms of preserving future fertility and minimizing complications like hemorrhage and cervical insufficiency.

Study of Surgical Methods of Umbilical Hernia Repair in the Rural District of Chickballapur

2025-02-05T09:38:08+03:00

Background: Umbilical hernias are a frequent surgical issue, especially in rural areas. This study aims to assess the surgical techniques for umbilical hernia repair in the rural district of Chickballapur, Karnataka, India, and to compare the outcomes of open repair with primary sutures, open repair with mesh reinforcement, and laparoscopic repair.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 100 adult patients who underwent surgery for symptomatic umbilical hernias at s 1 -District hospital and 4 taluk hospitals in Chickballapur from January 2019 -January 2024. Data on the type of surgery, postoperative complications, recovery times, recurrence rates, and functional recovery were collected. Statistical comparisons were made to evaluate the outcomes of different surgical approaches.

Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. Of these, 50% (n=50) underwent open repair with primary sutures, 30% (n=30) had open repair with mesh reinforcement, and 20% (n=20) received laparoscopic repair. Laparoscopic repair was associated with the lowest postoperative complication rate (3%), the shortest recovery time (mean 5 days), and the lowest hernia recurrence rate (2%). In comparison, open repair with mesh showed a recurrence rate of 6%, while primary suture repair had a higher recurrence rate of 10%. Socio-economic factors and resource availability influenced the choice of surgical method.Conclusion: Despite the prevalence of open repair techniques in this rural setting, laparoscopic repair yielded the best outcomes in terms of complications, recovery time, and hernia recurrence. This suggests that laparoscopic repair could be a beneficial option for rural areas with the necessary surgical expertise and equipment. Further research is recommended to explore the broader applicability and cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic repair in low-resource environments.

Incidence of Associated Injuries in Patients with ACL Tear on MRI – An Observational Study

2025-02-08T14:40:09+03:00

Background

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common, particularly in athletes, and often occur with additional knee injuries, including meniscal tears, ligamentous damage, and bone bruises. Identifying the incidence of these associated injuries is critical for optimizing treatment and improving recovery outcomes.

Objectives

This study aims to determine the incidence of associated injuries in patients with ACL tears and to explore the demographic profile and injury mechanisms that contribute to these additional knee injuries.

Methods

A multicentre, prospective observational study was conducted from December 2023 to December 2024, involving 200 patients diagnosed with ACL tears confirmed via MRI. Associated injuries such as meniscal tears, collateral ligament injuries, cartilage damage, and bone bruises were documented. Data on injury mechanisms, demographics, and sports participation were collected.

Results

Out of the 200 patients, 50% (n=100) had at least one associated injury. Meniscal tears were the most common (42%), followed by bone bruises (22%) and MCL injuries (18%). The majority of ACL injuries were due to non-contact mechanisms (60%), with football and basketball being the most frequent sports.

Conclusion

ACL tears frequently occur with associated knee injuries, particularly meniscal and ligamentous damage. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive diagnostic and treatment strategies to address multiple injuries and improve rehabilitation outcomes.

Morphometric Analysis of Glenoid, Coracoid Process and Scapular Spine in a tertiary care center- 3D CT Study

2025-02-11T14:38:58+03:00

Background: Recurrent anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss poses a significant challenge in orthopedic practice. Achieving favourable functional outcomes depends on selecting an appropriate graft type and ensuring its safe fixation on the glenoid. Despite the importance of morphometric data, there is a paucity of studies analyzing the dimensions of the glenoid, coracoid process, and scapular spine in a tertiary care Center. Purpose: To evaluate the morphometric dimensions of the glenoid, coracoid process, and scapular spine in the Indian population, which can guide clinical decisions in managing recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Methods: A total of 3D CT scans of 300 shoulders from 150 patients with non-orthopedic conditions were analyzed. Measurements included: Glenoid: Mean height and width. Coracoid process: Mean height, width, and length of harvestable coracoid. Scapular spine: Mean width and length of harvestable segments. Results: This study highlights important morphometric data on the glenoid, coracoid process, and scapular spine among the Indian population. The results have direct clinical relevance, especially in addressing recurrent anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss. The key findings include: Glenoid Dimensions: Mean height of 34.8 mm and mean width of 24.6 mm. Coracoid Process Dimensions: Mean height of 8.2 mm and 9.3 mm, and mean width of 11.7 mm and 13.1 mm at fixation points. Harvestable coracoid length averaged 21.9 mm. Scapular Spine Dimensions: Mean width of 8.2 mm and 7.7 mm at fixation points, and mean harvestable length of 30.4 mm. Gender Differences: Statistically significant differences in measurements were observed between genders. Conclusions: This morphometric evaluation can guide surgeons in selecting appropriate grafts and fixation techniques tailored to patient anatomy, potentially improving functional outcomes in cases of recurrent shoulder instability.

Clinical Study of Gynecological Problems in Adolescent Age Group at Tertiary Care Center

2025-02-12T10:25:41+03:00

Background: According to WHO adolescence is the age between 10-19 years Adolescents constitute 21.4% of the population in India [1]. It is the period where enormous physical and psychological changes occur. Hormonal events play a key role in this transition. Profound bodily changes, sexual development and altered emotional and behavioural changes are observed during this period, besides endocrine influences, genetic, nutritional and other environmental factors play an important role during this transitional period of life.

Aim and Objectives: 1. Clinical study of gynaecological problems in adolescent age group at tertiary care center. 2. To study proportion of different gynaecological problems in adolescent girls.3.To study the etiological factors in different gynaecological problems in adolescent girls.4.To study the treatment modalities in different gynaecological problems in adolescent girls.

Methods: Study Design: Cross sectional study. Study place: OBGY Department of VDGMC Latur, Maharashtra, India. Study Duration: September 2022 to May 2024. Study population: The study was conducted on all adolescent girls who were from urban and rural surroundings of tertiary care center visited the gynecology OPD. Study sample: 180

ResuResult: Majority of gynecological problems are present in late adolescent age group. In 180 cases admitted cases are 12 cases [6.66%] and 168 cases [93.3%] are from OPD.

26 cases who has normal menstrual patterns presented with dysmenorrhea (14 cases) and 8 cases with leucorrhea and 3 cases with dysuria and 1 case with mass per abdomen. most of the cases presented with hirsutism and acne 40 cases (22.22%) followed by Leucorrhoea and itching 29 cases (16.11%), Teenage pregnancy found in 12 cases (6.66%), overweight 6 cases(3.33%), Mass per abdomen 6 cases(3.33%), dysuria 3 cases (1.66%), Precocious puberty 1 case (0.55%) and Delayed puberty 1 case (0.55%).

most common etiopathology was AUB 96 cases (53.33%) followed by PCOS 39 cases (21.66%) and 4 cases diagnosed with Mullerian agnesis (2.22%),14 cases (7.77%)thyroid disorders, 06 cases(3.33%) hyperprolactinemia, 10 cases with vaginal infections and 02 cases with urinary tract infections. most common treatment modalities was Hormonal treatment 56 cases (31.11%) followed by Iron tablets in 59cases (32.77%), Blood transfusions in 2 cases(1.11%),Tranexamic acid in 38cases (21.11%), Mefenamic acid in 32 cases(17.77%),Thyroxin in 14cases[7.77%],Surgery in 10 cases (5.55%),Cabergoline in 4 cases[2.22%],antifungal in 4 cases (2.22%) , Antibiotics in 6 cases[5.55%], AKT in 1 case(0.55%). Many girls treated with multiple modalities.

Conclusions: Dysmenorrhea and heavy menstrual bleeding as predominant symptoms and excessive weight gain is most common examination finding. Majority of cases treated with hormonal treatment and iron supplementation.

Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation: Piroxicam Emulgel for Topical Drug Delivery Systems

2025-02-13T09:52:11+03:00

Piroxicam is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is classified as BCS class II drug (low solubility and high permeability). In the present study preparation of piroxicam loaded emulgel for the topical drug delivery is optimized by the central composite experimental design. The effect of different concentrations of surfactants i.e., span-80 & tween-80 was investigated on zeta potential (mv), polydispersity index (PDI), particle size (nm) & entrapment efficiency. The optimized batch of formulation suggested by the central composite design (CCD) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) & Transmission electron microscopy analysis and also the mechanical and rheological properties were studied. The optimized batch of the formulation possess adequate spreadibility and viscosity. Results of in-vitro release studies revealed that the drug loaded emulgel showed (91.10 %) release in 12 hours dissolution study whereas in-vitro antiinflammatory study determined by egg albumin denaturation method exhibited 98.88% inhibition. However, ex-vivo bioadhesion study displayed the comparable results between piroxicam loaded emulgel (0.036 ± 0.4 N) and marketed Pirox® gel (0.037 ± 0.15). Hence, piroxicam when loaded in emulgel can be administered topically with improved properties.

Correlation of Gestational Age by Last Menstrual Period, Ultrasonography and New Ballard’s scoring

2025-03-05T14:19:23+03:00

Background: Gestational age or menstrual age is the time elapsed from the first day of last menstrual period (LMP), a time that precedes conception. The accurate calculation of gestational age holds key role in prevention of preterm birth; hence the study attempts to find which method gestational age calculation is more accurate.

Methods: prospective observational study with 179 participants whose gestational age was assessed using last menstrual period (LMP), ultrasonography (USG) and New Ballard scoring (NBS) which is considered gold standard.

Results: The mean age of the mother in our study is 24.68 years with a standard deviation of 3.99 and the mean birth weight of babies in our study is 2.80 kg with a standard deviation of 0.45. Pearson coefficient correlation is 0.677 (P <0.001) when comparing gestational age by LMP and gestational age by NBS which is statistically significant. A correlation of 0.779 (P <0.001) was found while comparing gestational age by T1 USG and NBS which was also found to be significant.

Conclusion: T1 USG is more consistent with NBS when compared to LMP gestational age, even though both have positive correlation with NBS.

Evaluation of Cardiac Autonomic Function Testing In a Tertiary Care Hospital

2025-03-05T14:51:09+03:00

Introduction: The autonomic function testing (AFT) refers to the evaluation of the sympathetic, and parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous systems (ANS). The system affects function of almost every organ system in the body; hence, many tests that seem unique to a particular organ are really tests of autonomic function (e.g., urodynamic studies, gastric motility testing, pupillometry, tests of salivary and lacrimal gland secretion, etc.). Through scientific research and clinical experience published in peer-reviewed journals, autonomic function testing has proven its worth in the diagnosis and treatment of autonomic disorders over the past many years. Autonomic testing is now considered as a crucial part of the clinical assessment.

Materials and methods: The present work was designed and conducted in the Department of Physiology at Sri Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre (T Begur), Sri Siddharatha Academy of Higher Education., Tumkur over a period of 12 months. Fifty healthy male subjects doing MBBS in the same college between 19-24 years volunteered to participate in the present study. On the basis of detailed family history, participants were divided into two groups of twenty-five each as study group- with family history of hypertension (FH+) and control group- without any family history of hypertension (FH-). Either or both parents of the subjects of study group presented with history of hypertension of varying degree and duration and were under antihypertensive therapy which was further confirmed by their medical prescriptions as well. Both the groups were assessed and compared for their autonomic function tests to find out hyper-reactors for those having higher risk for hypertension in future. Sample size of 50 participants was decided including both the groups due to lack of consent from most of the senior MBBS students.

Results: There were no significant differences between age, BMI and other physical indices between two groups. All the physical characteristics of subjects of control as well as study group were statistically matched (p >0.05). However, the resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found to be marginally higher (p>0.05) in the study group (Table 1). There was higher and significant (p <0.001) rise in diastolic blood pressure following isometric hand grip test at 1/3 of MVC and cold pressor tests in study group as compared with the control group indicating an attenuated sympatho-adrenergic system in subjects of study group (Table 2).

Conclusion: It may be concluded that sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity develops in children of hypertensive parents whereas the PNS remains unaltered. Though the subjects of study group may be normotensive initially, there is possibility of development of hypertension in future. Hyper-reactors who have positive family history were more vulnerable to future hypertension due to their sympathetic over activity. Regular monitoring of autonomic activity may prove to be a useful tool in predicting the future hypertensive cases. It also appears that genetic and environmental factors might be responsible for essential hypertension in families.

"Lupus And Anti-Dsdna: Does Anti-Dsdna Level Correlate With Disease Activity? – A Case Report."

2025-03-06T09:14:34+03:00

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease that mostly affects women. Approximately 50% of lupus patients experience lupus nephritis. In about 2% of cases, immune thrombocytopenia can develop into systemic lupus. High anti-dsDNA levels and low complement levels often mark disease activity. Anti-dsDNA levels are important in disease pathogenesis and correlate with disease activity. We are reporting a case of anti-dsDNA-negative lupus nephritis. Case report: A 26-year-old female presented with complaints of bilateral lower limb swelling and facial puffiness for a month. She was evaluated for thrombocytopenia around 6 months back and was labeled as a case of Immune thrombocytopenia she was not on any steroid therapy at the time of presentation with us. She was evaluated for the current complaints and a provisional diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome with suspicion of lupus nephritis as the primary pathology was made. Renal biopsy was done after building up her platelets and her biopsy revealed stage 5 lupus nephritis. However, her immunological profile showed a negative anti-dsDNA. She was started on mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) along with steroids, hydroxychloroquine, and Tacrolimus. Following drug therapy there was a significant reduction in proteinuria and remission was achieved. Conclusion: Anti-dsDNA titers are strongly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity, particularly in lupus nephritis. Managing lupus nephritis typically involves immunosuppressive medications, which can have adverse effects on reproductive health. Our case report examines the role of anti-dsDNA titers in lupus and guides in managing lupus nephritis in women of reproductive age.

Study of Dominance in the Foramen of Human Crania in Maharashtra Region

2025-03-06T09:48:51+03:00

Background: 104 non - pathological dried adult cranial bases studied for dominance of various foramina by using hand lens. Jugular foramina (70.19%), Superior Orbital Fissure (30.2%), Foramina ovale (32.3%), Carotid Canal (21.5%), optic canal (4%) were dominant on right side, statistically highly significant (P<0.01) with Chi. Square (x2) goodness of fit test. While Inferior orbital fissure (19.38%), foramen Rotundum (25%), foramina spinosum (24.7%), stylomastoid foramina (14.4%), internal acoustic meatus (20.3%) were dominant on left side & statistically highly significant (P<0.01) with Chi. Square (x2) goodness of fit test. This study will certainly help the radiologists because CT scan, MRI does not show exact footage of the foramina, moreover the dominance of these foramina will also help the Neurosurgeons during the surgery of basal crania. Moreover Medico- legal expert, Anthropologist, Anatomist to specify the Maharashtra state crania from other state crania.

A Multicenter Hospital Based Study on Prevalence of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Asymptomatic Individuals on MRI

2025-03-06T12:29:58+03:00

Background:
Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LDH) is a common spinal disorder often associated with clinical symptoms such as low back pain and sciatica. However, recent studies have shown that a significant proportion of individuals with lumbar disc herniation remain asymptomatic. The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become central in detecting these disc abnormalities, even in the absence of symptoms. Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic lumbar disc herniation can guide clinical decision-making and improve the management of patients presenting with back pain.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and types of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation and the degree of disc degeneration in asymptomatic individuals using MRI. The study also sought to evaluate the correlation between demographic factors and these abnormalities.

Methods:
A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted over one year, including 200 asymptomatic individuals who underwent lumbar MRI for non-spinal conditions. Demographic data were collected, and MRI scans were analyzed for disc degeneration using the Pfirrmann grading system (Grades 1-5) and the presence of lumbar disc herniation, categorized as normal, bulge, protrusion, extrusion, or sequestration.

Results:
The prevalence of lumbar disc herniation in this asymptomatic population was 30%, with the majority of herniations occurring at the L4-L5 (40%) and L5-S1 (35%) levels. Disc bulge was the most common type of herniation (20%), followed by protrusion (7%). Extrusion and sequestration were rare (5% combined). Regarding disc degeneration, Grade 1 (normal) degeneration was observed in 55% of the cases, while Grade 4 (severe) degeneration was seen in 5%. The prevalence of herniation increased with age, particularly among individuals aged 40 and above (35% versus 25%).

Conclusion:
This study reinforces the concept that asymptomatic lumbar disc herniations are common and emphasizes the need for careful interpretation of MRI results in clinical practice. The findings underscore that disc abnormalities detected on imaging should be assessed in the context of symptoms, as many individuals with disc herniation may not require intervention.

Study Of The Efficacy, After Giving Equal Bolus Dose Of 8ml Of Ropivacaine 0.1% Vs Ropivacaine 0.2% With Fentanyl For Post-Operative Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia In Patients Undergoing Infra- Umbilical Abdominal Surgery And Lower Limb Orthopedic

2025-03-08T09:14:27+03:00

Background: Epidural analgesia is widely accepted as the prime modality of providing optimal post-operative analgesia after major surgery, and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) has recently gained popularity. It is often used in the post-operative phase and can be given as boluses, infusions, or a combination of the two. Local anesthetic has been used as the mainstay for epidural analgesia, alone or in combination with opioids. Ropivacaine is a relatively new amino amide local anesthetic, with Fentanyl is the opioid often used. Aims and Objectives: To study the efficacy, after giving 8ml bolus dose of ropivacaine 0.1% versus 0.2% with fentanyl for postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia in patients undergoing infra-umbilical abdominal and lower limb orthopedic surgery at Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni. Materials & methods: 74 patients were included in the study where the patients were divided into two groups with Group 1 given Ropivacaine 0.1% with Fentanyl 2 µg/ml and Group 2 given Ropivacaine 0.2% with Fentanyl 2 µg/ml. The PCEA pump will be programmed to deliver a continuous epidural infusion at the rate of 8 ml/hour after the initial 8 ml bolus dose, with a PCEA bolus dose of 4 ml and lockout interval of 20 minutes. Postoperatively the intensity of pain by vas score, degree of motor blockade, level of sedation, the total volume of drug infused, variation in hemodynamic parameters, and adverse effects were observed. Results: Group 1 reported a mean VAS, significantly higher than Group 2's mean VAS. Overall, the data suggest that Group 1 consistently experiences higher VAS scores compared to Group 2 across the measured time intervals, indicating potentially differing levels of perceived discomfort or pain between the two groups. Conclusion: Ropivacaine 0.2% with fentanyl is more efficacious than Ropivacaine 0.1% with fentanyl when used as PCEA in the postoperative period for analgesia.

Early Detection and Intervention for Hearing Impairment in Vietnamese Children Aged 0-6 Years

2025-03-11T10:26:36+03:00

Hearing impairment during early childhood poses a significant challenge to speech and language development, with long-term consequences on cognitive and social integration. This study systematically investigates the prevalence, associated risk factors, and effectiveness of early intervention for hearing impairment in children aged 0-6 years who underwent audiological assessment at the Audiology Department of the National Otorhinolaryngology Hospital of Vietnam. A total of 72 children were comprehensively evaluated using a combination of objective and subjective audiological tests, including otoacoustic emissions (OAE), auditory brainstem response (ABR), and auditory steady-state response (ASSR). The findings reveal that 40.2% of children were diagnosed with hearing impairment before six months of age, reflecting the increasing impact of neonatal hearing screening programs. However, 29.1% of cases were only identified after three years of age, indicating a substantial delay in diagnosis for a significant proportion of children. Bilateral hearing loss was the predominant presentation, affecting 93.1% of the cases, with profound hearing loss accounting for 65.1% of the affected children. Notably, early intervention demonstrated a measurable impact on access to hearing rehabilitation. The proportion of children utilizing hearing aids increased from 4.5% before diagnosis to 20.9% following audiological evaluation, while cochlear implantation rates rose from 0% to 7.5% after diagnosis. This study underscores the critical importance of early hearing screening and prompt intervention to mitigate the developmental consequences of hearing impairment. Furthermore, it highlights the necessity of raising parental awareness and improving access to advanced audiological services to enhance early detection and effective management. The research provides new insights into the epidemiology of pediatric hearing impairment in Vietnam and emphasizes the urgent need for systematic neonatal hearing screening programs across healthcare facilities nationwide. Through these efforts, the study contributes to bridging the gap in early diagnosis and intervention, ultimately fostering better long-term outcomes for children with hearing impairment.

A Correlative Study on IL-6, TNF-Α, Deoxypyridinoline (DPD) In Patients with Hyperparathyroidism & Healthy Individuals

2025-03-17T14:43:59+03:00

Hyperparathyroidism is associated with metabolic disturbances, including alterations in cytokine levels and bone resorption markers. This case-control study aims to evaluate the correlation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) levels in 150 patients with hyperparathyroidism and 150 healthy individuals. The study examines differences between these groups, using statistical analysis and graphical representations in the form of histograms and pie charts. The findings contribute to understanding the inflammatory and bone degradation processes in hyperparathyroidism.

ENGINEERING DREAMS, ENDURING STRESS: THE HEAVY TOLL OF STRESS ON ENGINEERING STUDENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES

2025-03-26T19:11:46+03:00

Background: The pressure of professional courses like engineering and medicine often takes a toll on students, leading to stress, anxiety, and health issues. Heavy workloads and packed schedules disrupt sleep and eating habits, worsening stress over time. This study analyses stress factors among engineering students through a survey-based quantitative approach.

The study of brachial plexus anatomical variations in the Indore region variations in its formation, branching, and running

2025-03-26T19:35:44+03:00

Background: The brachial plexus, a sophisticated network of nerves, plays a pivotal role in clinical anatomy, surgery, and anesthesia, as it is responsible for the motor and sensory innervation of the upper limb. This neural network, which arises from the anterior rami of the C5 to T1 spinal nerves, navigates intricate anatomical regions prior to diverging to innervate the integumentary system and musculature.

To determine morphometric analysis, vertical head diameter, foveal diameter, fovea transverse diameter, and foveal longitudinal diameter of the proximal femur in individuals from Central India

2025-03-26T19:43:23+03:00

Background: The proximal femur, vital for human skeletal system, plays a vital role in hip joint biomechanical functions and is essential for medical and anthropological applications due to its anatomical dimensions. Aim: To determine the regional differences in this anatomical location by doing a thorough morphometric investigation of the vertical head diameter, foveal diameter, fovea transverse diameter, and foveal longitudinal diameter of the proximal femur.

To estimate the glucose and lipid profile levels in Diabetes without Nephropathy and in diabetic nephropathy patients

2025-03-26T19:47:31+03:00

Background: Hyperglycemia, which results from impairments in insulin secretion, insulin action,or a combination of both, distinguishes diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic condition. The way glucose metabolism and lipid homeostasis work together are a key part of how diabetic complications like nephropathy start and get worse. Aim: The study aimed to compare glucose and lipid profiles in diabetic patients without nephropathy with those affected by diabetic nephropathy

Synthesis and Characterization of Pullulan Encapsulated Ursolic Acid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Bioavailability and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition in Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy

2025-03-26T19:51:10+03:00

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline and memory loss, primarily due to the dysfunction of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain. Natural compounds, such as Ursolic Acid (UA), have demonstrated significant neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the therapeutic potential of UA is often hindered by its low solubility and poor bioavailability. To address these limitations, we synthesized Pullulan-encapsulated Ursolic Acid nanoparticles (UA-Pull-NPs) with the aim of improving drug delivery efficiency and enhancing AChE inhibition in AD therapy.

Comparative evaluation of result after internal fixation of clavicle fracture with titanium elastic nail and plate

2025-03-26T20:04:06+03:00

Objective: This study evaluated the outcomes of using titanium elastic nail (TEN) fixation in combination with plate fixation to treat midshaft clavicle fractures. Methods: 60 patients with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures were randomly assigned to either Group A (TEN fixation) or Group B (Plate fixation). At six weeks, three months, and six months following surgery, a number of factors were assessed. Surgical duration, intraoperative hemorrhage, radiological union time, functional results, and complications were among them.

Glue Sniffing Neuropathy in an 18-Year-Old Male Butcher with a History of Weed Smoking: Case Report

2025-03-27T11:49:22+03:00

Glue sniffing neuropathy, a consequence of volatile substance abuse, presents with peripheral nerve damage. We present a case of an 18-year-old male butcher with a history of chronic glue sniffing and occasional marijuana use. He presented with a three-month history of progressive muscle weakness, small muscle wasting, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, and ascending quadriparesis. This case highlights the neurological repercussions of inhalant abuse, particularly in adolescents.

A Retrospective Comparative Study of Surgical Management of 4 Part Proximal Humerus Fractures between Internal Fixation with Philos Plate and Hemi Replacement with Neers Prosthesis

2025-03-27T14:25:22+03:00

Background: Neer recommended open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for three-part fracture dislocations and primary hemiarthroplasty (HA) for four-part fracture dislocations and for fractures with greater than 50% of cartilage-covered articular defect. The current study was conducted to compare surgical management of four part proximal humerus fractures between internal fixation vs hemi replacement.

Methods: The study is a hospital based retrospective case study, conducted in Government General Hospital, Kurnool during the period of June 2022 to June 2024. 30 patients (adults) presenting with proximal humerus fractures with a follow up period of minimum of 6 months and maximum of 18 months were included. After surgery, all patients were examined six weeks, three months, and six months later, as well as every two weeks until a fracture had healed. The constant Score were evaluated at each visit. A shoulder with affected arm X-ray was taken to check for fracture union and implant-bone interaction.

Results: In this study maximum age was 80 years and a minimum of 50 years with an the average age of 64.4 years. Significant differences were observed in all complications between range of movements between the two groups. Average time taken for internal fixation by hemiarthroplasty procedure was 120mins as compared to Philos which was100minutes.Blood loss was measured in terms of suction drain collection and mop count. The average amount of blood loss was 216 ml for PHILOS procedure and 356 ml for HEMIREPLACEMENT procedure.

Conclusions: the ROM pertaining to flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation for individuals with Philos plating was 17%, 20%, 4% and 4.6% higher than those who received Neer’s hemiarthroplasty. In conclusion, our study suggests that Philos plate osteosynthesis may have superior results than hemiarthroplasty when treating four-part proximal humerus fractures in individuals aged fifty and above.

Effect of Heartfulness Meditation Practices on Blood Pressure and Quality of Life in Patients with Hypertension – A Randomized Clinical Study

2025-03-27T14:18:46+03:00

Background: Heartfulness meditation practices are modified form of Raja Yoga and gaining popularity worldwide. Studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of heartfulness meditation on physical health, psychological health, emotional intelligence, heart rate variability, sleep and even on telomere length.

Methods: This is a randomized control study conducted in patients with hypertension to assess the effect of heartfulness meditation practices on blood pressure and quality of life. A total of 112 participants were randomized in 1:1 ratio to either intervention group or control group for a study period of four months. Intervention group were trained on heartfulness meditation practices by certified trainers on three consecutive days and were asked to practice them daily at their home. Quality of life was assessed by MINICHAL scale.

Results: After the intervention, there was a significant reduction in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group compared to baseline (136.71 ± 8.64 vs 130.31 ± 8.78, p <0.001 for systolic BP and 82.78 ± 7.30 vs 77.44 ± 7.55, p <0.001 for diastolic BP). Comparison of BP changes between both the groups after the intervention showed significant reduction in both systolic (p=0.009) and diastolic BP (p=0.002) in the intervention group. There was also a significant improvement in mental domain, somatic domain, and overall quality of life in the intervention group.

Conclusion: The four months heartfulness meditation practices resulted in a significant reduction in the mean systolic and diastolic pressures. There was also improvement in the scores related to various aspects of quality of life.

Assessment of Nerve Conduction Abnormalities in Peripheral Vascular Disease: A Clinical and Electrophysiological Correlation Using Nerve Conduction Studies and Ankle-Brachial Index in Patients with Chronic Ischemia

2025-03-28T12:31:26+03:00

Background: Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) is a progressive circulatory disorder characterized by arterial narrowing, leading to reduced blood flow to the extremities. Chronic ischemia associated with PVD can cause significant neurological complications, including peripheral neuropathy. However, distinguishing between neuropathy caused by ischemia and other factors, such as diabetes, remains a challenge. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) serve as an objective tool to evaluate peripheral nerve function in PVD patients. This study aimed to assess nerve conduction abnormalities in PVD patients and correlate findings with disease severity.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 40 patients diagnosed with PVD at Krishna Hospital, Karad, between May 2011 and May 2013. Patients were classified based on the Fountaine Staging System, and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) was used to determine the severity of arterial insufficiency. NCS was performed to evaluate motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (NCV), compound motor action potential (CMAP), and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP). Patients with diabetes mellitus were excluded from the study to eliminate confounding factors. The relationship between PVD severity and nerve conduction abnormalities was analyzed statistically.

Results: The study population comprised 24 males and 16 females, with a mean age of 59 years (range: 42-78 years). The distribution of patients according to Fountaine Staging revealed that 32.5% had ischemic rest pain (Stage III), and 7.5% presented with ulceration or gangrene (Stage IV). ABI values indicated that 67.5% of patients experienced claudication pain (ABI: 0.4–0.85), while 7.5% had rest pain (ABI < 0.4). NCS findings demonstrated significantly reduced motor and sensory NCV in advanced PVD stages, with mean values of 40.92 m/s (motor) and 44.88 m/s (sensory). Furthermore, CMAP and SNAP amplitudes were markedly decreased in patients with severe PVD, suggesting ischemic nerve damage.

Conclusion: This study highlights a strong correlation between PVD severity and nerve conduction abnormalities, indicating that ischemic neuropathy plays a critical role in disease progression. Sensory nerve dysfunction was more pronounced than motor involvement, aligning with findings from previous studies. Early detection of nerve conduction deficits in PVD patients may facilitate timely interventions to prevent further neurological complications. Incorporating routine NCS assessments alongside vascular evaluations could improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes in PVD management. Further studies with larger cohorts are recommended to validate these findings and explore potential therapeutic strategies.

ASSESSMENT OF MICRO-SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF BIODENTINE TO VARIOUS RESTORATIVE MATERIALS AFTER AGING: AN IN - VITRO STUDY

2025-03-29T17:03:47+03:00

Objective: This study aimed to determine the perfect timing for restoratives installations of the micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) of Biodentine with various restorative materials. Materials and Methods: Sixty Biodentine specimens were prepared and categorized into two groups based on aging periods: one week and two weeks. Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to the restorative material used—Short Fiber-Reinforced Composite, Zirconomer, and Cention N—with ten specimens in each subgroup.

Quantitative Culture of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Pneumonia at a Tertiary Care Centre

2025-03-31T12:40:24+03:00

Background: Pneumonia remains the leading cause of infectious disease mortality globally, necessitating early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial management. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has been established as a crucial diagnostic tool in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, offering advantages over conventional sputum samples by reducing contamination and providing accurate antimicrobial susceptibility data.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of quantitative BAL fluid culture in identifying bacterial pathogens responsible for pneumonia and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of these pathogens to guide effective treatment.

Methods: Conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Maharashtra, the study included patients over 18 years undergoing BAL via fiberoptic bronchoscopy for pneumonia diagnosis from June 2018 to May 2019. Quantitative cultures were grown on Blood Agar, MacConkey Agar, and Chocolate Agar, with a positive culture defined at ≥ 10^4 CFU/mL. Pathogen identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using standard microbiological techniques.

Results: Of the 63 patients studied, 57.14% showed a positive quantitative BAL culture. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated pathogen, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Notably, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) constituted a significant portion of S. aureus cases. Gram-negative bacteria showed high resistance to standard antibiotics but were sensitive to Imipenem and Piperacillin-Tazobactam.

Conclusion: Quantitative BAL fluid culture is a valuable diagnostic method for effectively identifying and managing bacterial pneumonia. The procedure not only confirms the pathogen but also informs targeted antibiotic therapy, thereby minimizing the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and reducing the emergence of resistant bacterial strains.