International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT)

Amorphous –state Characterization and Dissolution Behaviour of Efavirenz- Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate (TPGS)-1000 Solid Dispersions

2024-04-08T06:04:24+03:00

The aim of the present investigation was to enhance the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of a poorly soluble drug, efavirenz, by preparation of solid dispersions with tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS)-1000, a non - ionic surfactant. Phase solubility studies suggested that the solubility of efavirenz increased with the increase in TPGS concentration.1 absorption. Gibbs free energy (ΔG) were negative, indicatingthe spontaneous nature of efavirenz solubilization. Dispersions in different ratios were prepared using the fusion method and their physicochemical characteristics were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray Powder Diffraction studies(XRPD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM).A drug: carrier ratio of 1:1.5 w/w prepared by cooling the fused mixtures at 5° C showed the highest drug release of 33.27%.It was demonstrated that decrease in crystallinity of the drug and H-bonding between efavirenz and TPGS-1000 might be responsible for the enhanced dissolution rate. Analysis of dissolution data showed the best fitting with Higuchi model.

Diverse Techniques on Digital Image Compression Techniques: A Meta Analysis on Medical Images

2024-06-21T04:55:01+03:00

This paper examines a diverse array of image compression methods. This paper presents a review of existing research papers that are based on an examination of the diverse image compression methods. This paper investigates a diverse array of existing image compression techniques. The compression of binary unprocessed data is significantly different from that of an image. To resolve
these issues, employ a diverse array of image compression techniques. The question of how to compress an image and which techniques are employed may now arise. The two primary methods introduced for this purpose are lossless and lossy image compression techniques. Presently, the fundamental procedure is supplemented by supplementary methodologies. In specific regions,
neural network and wavelet-based algorithms are employed to compress images.

Impact and Significance of Wireless Sensor Network in Health Care: A Systematic Analysis

2024-06-21T05:00:05+03:00

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been used in various fields to monitor and collect data by connecting several nodes. This systematic review investigates the role and potential of WSNs in various fields such as environmental sensing, health care, manufacturing, and smart city. In comparison to wired networks, WSNs offer higher scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness.
Some of the areas that have been affected positively include; accuracy in data collection and gathering, response to events of importance, and efficiency in energy usage. Beyond this, the importance of WSNs is also in their suitability for enabling more complex applications such as IoT, as well as in their capacity to enable heterogeneity and integration between different devices. This
analysis gives the recent developments in WSN technologies like low power communication protocols, security and robustness, and network management that improve the effectiveness of WSNs. This research also reveals some limitations, such as a lack of power, data privacy, and the absence of standards. The systematic analysis highlights the importance of WSNs in the enhancement of technology solutions, innovation, and handling of emerging issues in different fields.

The Association between obesity and Increase severity of asthma in pediatric age group in Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital in Diwaniya City

2024-08-27T11:49:10+03:00

Background: Childhood obesity has become a significant public health concern worldwide, and its impact on respiratory conditions like as thmais of particular interest.

Aim: this research aims to assess whether obesity is associated with increased severity of asthma symptoms inchildren.

Patients and methods: The questionnaire-based study investigates therelationshipbetween obesity andtheseverity ofasthma in pediatric patients at the Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital in Diwaniya City. Datawere collectedfrom patient admitted to the hospital asinpatient and all ofthem diagnosed asa case ofasthma.The questionnaire consists of 10 questions, included age, sex, weight according toage, height according to age, BMI according to age, numbers of attack per week, type of diet, family history of asthma, level of education of the parents, and socioeconomic status. Findings were analyzed to determine any correlation between body mass index (BMI)and asthma severity.

Findings:Showed higher percentage of patients were at 4 to 5 years of age, being 44.26% to the total. Slightly higher percentage of patients were male (32, 52.46%) compared to females (29, 47.54%). Investigating weight according to age showed (18, 29.5%) patients above the 95th percentile. While height according to age presented patients (43, 70.49%) with normal findings. Investigating BMI according to age showed (17, 27.87%) patients as obese. The number of attacks were the highest in those who their attacks lasted for two weeks (18, 29.51%), and (37, 55.74%) patients were on unhealthy type of food. Most of the patients were with family history, being (44, 72%). Level of education and socioeconomic status were also investigated and showed considerable variations among patients.

Conclusion: findings provided valuable insights into pediatric asthma management strategies, highlighting the importanceof addressing obesity as a potential factorinfluencing disease outcomes.

Season and Ecotype Variation on Phenolic Contents, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Diospyros Mespiliformis

2024-09-11T09:23:41+03:00

Phenolic compounds in plants act as free radical scavengers and contribute to diabetes prevention. However, the production of plants is influenced by various factors. This study investigates the impact of season and ecology on the phenolic compound content, as well as the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of Diospyros mespiliformis (D. mespiuliformis) extracts.Samples (leaves, stem bark, and roots) were collected from three locations during two seasons. Phenolic compound contents were quantified using the FolinCiocalte ureagent and flavonoid content with aluminum trichloride methods. Antioxidant activity was assessed using chromogen DPPH^•, ABTS^+•, and Fe³⁺. The anti-diabetic potential of the plant was evaluated through α-amylase inhibition and glucose adsorption tests. In leaves and roots, extracts from dry-season samples showed the highest total flavonoid content. In contrast, the wet season was favorable for the production of these compounds in the bark. The DPPH^• and ABTS^+• radical scavenging of the extracts varied according to the season and the place where the samples were harvested (p < 0.05). Fe³⁺chelation activity was higher in dry season samples collected at Dirabakoko. The ethylacetate fraction exhibited the strongest inhibition of α-amylase (IC₅₀=0.185 ± 0.069 mg/mL), while the diethylether fractions demonstrated greater glucose adsorption capacity (366.66 ± 11.57 mM/g). The biomolecules in the ethylacetate and diethylether fractions of that plant could potentially be utilized to prevent oxidative stress and diabetes.

Impact of Community-Based Nursing Intervention on Quality of Life of Elderly

2024-11-21T13:25:50+03:00

Background: One of the biggest issues facing our generation is how to make health care systems more capable of meeting the needs of the elderly. Even when severely disabled, the majority of elderly individuals want to remain in their homes and hospitals are reducing stay times. As a result, community care has become more important. In almost every country in the world, the proportion of people aged over 60 years is growing faster than any other age group because of increased life expectancy. This demographic change has several implications for public health, especially as older age is a risk factor for many chronic diseases—diseases of long duration and generally slow progression.

Objective: The objectives of the study were to assess the prevailing health conditions among elderly, assess the quality of life of the elderly, and evaluate the impact of community-based nursing intervention on the quality of life of the elderly.

Material and Methods: In this study, a quantitative research approach and Quasi Experimental Non randomized control group research design were used. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used, and eligible 264 elderly were selected in a 1:1 ratio in the control & experiment group A structured questionnaire was used to assess quality of life.

Results: The calculated t-value of 25.576 and the associated p-value of 0.0001 indicate that the improvement in the quality-of-life score after the intervention is highly significant. The p-value is less than the standard significance level of 0.05 suggesting that the observed change in the quality of life is not due to random chance but is indeed attributed to the community-based nursing intervention.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of community-based nursing intervention in enhancing the overall well-being of the elderly population and provide valuable guidance for healthcare professionals and policymakers in designing targeted interventions and healthcare services to address the specific needs of this vulnerable group.

A Study to Assess the Effectivenss of Personal Hygiene Module in Order to Maintain Menstrual Hygiene among Female Students of Selected Institute of University of Vadodara

2024-11-21T13:47:11+03:00

Background: A Pre-Experimental Research Design (One Group Pre- Test and Post- Test Study). Methodology: a Quantitative research approach was used. Sample: 100 female students of Parul Institute of Nursing (PU), as research target population. Sampling Technique: A Convenience sampling technique was used to select the sample. Research tool: A Socio- demographic questionnaire and Structured knowledge Questionnaire on Menstrual Hygiene were used for collecting the data from the participants. The questionnaire was provided electronically, using Google form questionnaire. Results: The study result reveals that 90% of the participants improved their knowledge and holds good Knowledge after the administration of Personal Hygiene Module during Menstruation. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study offers insight that administration of Personal Hygiene Module during menstruation is very essential to prevent from certain reproductive tract infections and complications.

Formulation and Development of Emulgel to Enhance the Transdermal Permeability of BCS Class II Drug (Tacrolimus)

2024-11-30T13:45:25+03:00

Topical drug delivery systems significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. The topical route of drug delivery is the most preferred route for administration of drugs. The rationale for the development of an emulgel formulation of a drug is to enhance its therapeutic benefits, minimizing its side effect while improving the management of the diseased condition. Drug-release-retarding polymers are the key performers in such systems. The drug content was found to be in the range of 81.13 – 98.25 %. From the in-vitro drug release data, it was observed that the percentage cumulative drug release of Tacrolimus was shown by formulation F3. F3 released 99.37 % of the drug in 60 min. The ‘n’ value of optimized formulation F3 was found to be 0.717 which indicated that the drug was released by first order kinetics with anomalous (Non-Fickian) release. From the stability studies, formulation F3 doesn’t show significant difference for physical properties, homogeneity, consistency, drug content and viscosity. Based on the above evaluation studies, it could be concluded that Tacrolimus can be used as an emulgel by mixing equal quantities of a gel and emulsion portions for acute bacterial skin infection.

Patient Perception and Satisfaction with Cervical Massage for Labour Induction: A Prospective Study in Low-Risk Pregnant Women

2024-12-09T12:50:50+03:00

Introduction: Cervical massage is a technique aimed at stimulating cervical ripening by encouraging the release of natural prostaglandins. It may reduce the need for medical induction by promoting the normal physiological onset of labour. Although studies have shown its potential to soften and efface the cervix, there is limited research on patient perception and satisfaction with this method. This study explores women's pain perception and satisfaction with cervical massage as an alternative to more invasive induction methods, such as membrane sweeping.

Methods: This prospective, mono-centric study was conducted among low-risk pregnant women at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. The participants underwent cervical massage once they reached their expected date of delivery (EDD). Exclusion criteria included women with growth-restricted foetuses or those requiring formal induction. Data on pain during the procedure were collected using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Postnatal questionnaires assessed patients' experiences, including whether they would recommend or repeat the procedure.

Results: Of the 203 women screened, 104 were enrolled (52 primiparas and 52 multiparas). The majority (93%) had a single cervical massage. Pain scores ranged from no pain (31.73%) to moderate pain (16.35%). Regarding satisfaction, 38.46% of participants would recommend the procedure to others or agree to repeat it in subsequent pregnancies. The interval between cervical massage and labour onset was noted, with a higher rate of vaginal delivery among multiparas. Only 0.96% had prior knowledge of cervical massage.

Discussion: While cervical massage showed less discomfort compared to membrane sweeping, only 38.46% of women would consider repeating it. This supports the need for further research on its effectiveness for cervical ripening and induction. The study highlights the need for more alternatives to formal induction methods.

Conclusion: Cervical massage is a promising alternative to membrane sweeping, but its efficacy and patient acceptability require further investigation.

Analytical Evaluation of the Mobile Phase Variables by Factorial Design for Efavirenz Separation Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography

2024-12-10T14:51:19+03:00

A statistical optimization strategy was effectively used to investigate the effect of system factors on the chromatographic analysis of Efavirenz. To improve the procedure for excellent chromatographic responses, the effect of altering the flow rate, temperature, and concentration of % Acetonitrile in buffer (phosphate buffer 25mM, pH 7.5) was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used with Plackett-Burman designs to discover the optimum circumstances. The optimal regions for flow rate (0.8 ml/min) and temperature (25◦C) were determined from the response surface graphs as -1, 0, and +1. According to the Pareto ranking, temperature was the most influential variable influencing the selected responses. Linearity was seen in the 30-70 ug/ml range, with a considerably high correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.999). LOD and LOQ values The concentrations were 0.30 and 0.81 µg/ml, respectively. The devised approach underwent validation for accuracy, precision, linearity, range, and specificity. The approach was successfully employed to examine the chromatographic performance of a tablet formulation, and it was determined to be 100.88% with a standard deviation of ±1.36.

Is Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Better than Steroids? A Comparative Study on Lateral Epicondylitis Treatment

2024-12-16T10:21:35+03:00

Background: Clinical equipoise exists between steroid and platelet rich plasma (PRP) injection in treating lateral epicondylitis. To address this ongoing debate, effectiveness of PRP injections and corticosteroid injections was examined in patients with lateral epicondylitis in a tertiary care hospital in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients treated for unilateral lateral epicondylitis with either steroid or PRP injection. At total number of 46 patients’ charts were evaluated for the outcomes including visual analogue scale (VAS), DASH, and Numeric Pain Intensity Scale (Nirschl) scores were abstracted.

Results: The mean age of the 46 patients was 36.9 years (SD 11.7 years). With follow-up, both the groups have shown a significant improvement in all the three scores. A significant difference was noted in all the scores in favour of PRP group. The difference was significant at the end of three (-0.8; 95% CI: -0.2 to -1.6) and six months (-1.1; 95% CI: -0.3 to -1.7) for VAS score. DASH score improvement was noticed at three months (-8.8; 95% CI: -5.9 to -11.6) and six months (-8.8; 95% CI: -6.4 to -9.7) (Table 2, figure 3). For Nirschl score, a significant improvement (5.8; 95% CI: 3.6 to 7.8) was noticed at six months.

Conclusion: PRP injections offer a promising alternative to steroid injections for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis in Indian setting. Further research with more comprehensive design is needed to fully validate these findings.

Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in an Urban Slum Area of Kolkata

2024-12-17T11:05:11+03:00

Introduction: One of the main public health issues in India is nutritional anemia. A sensitive stage in the human life cycle for the emergence of nutritional anemia is adolescence. Adolescent female anemia increases future maternal and fetal death and morbidity. Adolescent anemia prevalence is 6% in wealthy nations and 27% in impoverished nations. Objectives: The study was done with the objective to study the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls of selected urban slum of Kolkata. Methods: This cross sectional community based study was conducted among 100 adolescent girls in Tangra, an urban slum area of Kolkata from April 2024-June 2024. Information regarding socio-demographic and other factors was recorded in pre-designed, pre -tested proforma. Hemoglobin estimation was done by Sahli’s haemoglobinometer. Data was analyzed by mean, standard deviation and chi square test. Results: Anaemia was present in 54% girls. Out of which 35.19% had mild, 46.30% had moderate and 18.52% had severe anaemia. Mean age of menarche was 10.64 years. 73 (73%) study participants have attained menarche and out of them 38 (52.05%) were found to be anaemic. 36% knew improper diet as a cause of anaemia followed by Vitamin deficiency (32%) and iron deficiency (27%). 34% girls did not know any cause of anaemia. Similarly 32% and 52% of study participants did not know of any symptoms and treatment of anaemia respectively. Conclusions: Among study participants, anemia was quite prevalent overall. All girls should receive nutrition instruction, iron folic acid pills, and dietary supplements.