International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT)

Successful Management of Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy in a Primigravida with Dilation and Evacuation: A Case Report

Dr. Avishek Bhadra, Dr. Rumela Biswas, Dr. Anubhuti Jha, Dr. Subhojit Bagchi — Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Cervical ectopic pregnancy (CEP) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition, particularly in primigravid patients. This case presents a 20-year-old primigravida with painless vaginal bleeding at 8 weeks of amenorrhea, diagnosed with CEP via early pregnancy ultrasound. The patient underwent a successful emergency dilation and evacuation (D&E) procedure, preserving fertility and preventing excessive hemorrhage. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and follow-up ultrasound confirmed complete evacuation. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and careful management of CEP, particularly in terms of preserving future fertility and minimizing complications like hemorrhage and cervical insufficiency.

Study of Surgical Methods of Umbilical Hernia Repair in the Rural District of Chickballapur

Dr. Sunita Prakash, Dr. Sunil Subhash Joshi, Dr. Arun Kumar S. L. — Wed, 05 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Background: Umbilical hernias are a frequent surgical issue, especially in rural areas. This study aims to assess the surgical techniques for umbilical hernia repair in the rural district of Chickballapur, Karnataka, India, and to compare the outcomes of open repair with primary sutures, open repair with mesh reinforcement, and laparoscopic repair.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 100 adult patients who underwent surgery for symptomatic umbilical hernias at s 1 -District hospital and 4 taluk hospitals in Chickballapur from January 2019 -January 2024. Data on the type of surgery, postoperative complications, recovery times, recurrence rates, and functional recovery were collected. Statistical comparisons were made to evaluate the outcomes of different surgical approaches.

Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. Of these, 50% (n=50) underwent open repair with primary sutures, 30% (n=30) had open repair with mesh reinforcement, and 20% (n=20) received laparoscopic repair. Laparoscopic repair was associated with the lowest postoperative complication rate (3%), the shortest recovery time (mean 5 days), and the lowest hernia recurrence rate (2%). In comparison, open repair with mesh showed a recurrence rate of 6%, while primary suture repair had a higher recurrence rate of 10%. Socio-economic factors and resource availability influenced the choice of surgical method.Conclusion: Despite the prevalence of open repair techniques in this rural setting, laparoscopic repair yielded the best outcomes in terms of complications, recovery time, and hernia recurrence. This suggests that laparoscopic repair could be a beneficial option for rural areas with the necessary surgical expertise and equipment. Further research is recommended to explore the broader applicability and cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic repair in low-resource environments.

Incidence of Associated Injuries in Patients with ACL Tear on MRI – An Observational Study

Dr. Varun S., Dr. Bukke Ravindra Naik, Dr. V. Suresh Kumar, Dr. Sahana S. — Sat, 08 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Background

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common, particularly in athletes, and often occur with additional knee injuries, including meniscal tears, ligamentous damage, and bone bruises. Identifying the incidence of these associated injuries is critical for optimizing treatment and improving recovery outcomes.

Objectives

This study aims to determine the incidence of associated injuries in patients with ACL tears and to explore the demographic profile and injury mechanisms that contribute to these additional knee injuries.

Methods

A multicentre, prospective observational study was conducted from December 2023 to December 2024, involving 200 patients diagnosed with ACL tears confirmed via MRI. Associated injuries such as meniscal tears, collateral ligament injuries, cartilage damage, and bone bruises were documented. Data on injury mechanisms, demographics, and sports participation were collected.

Results

Out of the 200 patients, 50% (n=100) had at least one associated injury. Meniscal tears were the most common (42%), followed by bone bruises (22%) and MCL injuries (18%). The majority of ACL injuries were due to non-contact mechanisms (60%), with football and basketball being the most frequent sports.

Conclusion

ACL tears frequently occur with associated knee injuries, particularly meniscal and ligamentous damage. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive diagnostic and treatment strategies to address multiple injuries and improve rehabilitation outcomes.

Morphometric Analysis of Glenoid, Coracoid Process and Scapular Spine in a tertiary care center- 3D CT Study

Dr Mozimul Haq Siddiqui, Dr Prashantha — Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Background: Recurrent anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss poses a significant challenge in orthopedic practice. Achieving favourable functional outcomes depends on selecting an appropriate graft type and ensuring its safe fixation on the glenoid. Despite the importance of morphometric data, there is a paucity of studies analyzing the dimensions of the glenoid, coracoid process, and scapular spine in a tertiary care Center. Purpose: To evaluate the morphometric dimensions of the glenoid, coracoid process, and scapular spine in the Indian population, which can guide clinical decisions in managing recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Methods: A total of 3D CT scans of 300 shoulders from 150 patients with non-orthopedic conditions were analyzed. Measurements included: Glenoid: Mean height and width. Coracoid process: Mean height, width, and length of harvestable coracoid. Scapular spine: Mean width and length of harvestable segments. Results: This study highlights important morphometric data on the glenoid, coracoid process, and scapular spine among the Indian population. The results have direct clinical relevance, especially in addressing recurrent anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss. The key findings include: Glenoid Dimensions: Mean height of 34.8 mm and mean width of 24.6 mm. Coracoid Process Dimensions: Mean height of 8.2 mm and 9.3 mm, and mean width of 11.7 mm and 13.1 mm at fixation points. Harvestable coracoid length averaged 21.9 mm. Scapular Spine Dimensions: Mean width of 8.2 mm and 7.7 mm at fixation points, and mean harvestable length of 30.4 mm. Gender Differences: Statistically significant differences in measurements were observed between genders. Conclusions: This morphometric evaluation can guide surgeons in selecting appropriate grafts and fixation techniques tailored to patient anatomy, potentially improving functional outcomes in cases of recurrent shoulder instability.

Clinical Study of Gynecological Problems in Adolescent Age Group at Tertiary Care Center

Dr. karalla chandana, Dr. Anita pawa, Dr.B.B.Yadav — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Background: According to WHO adolescence is the age between 10-19 years Adolescents constitute 21.4% of the population in India [1]. It is the period where enormous physical and psychological changes occur. Hormonal events play a key role in this transition. Profound bodily changes, sexual development and altered emotional and behavioural changes are observed during this period, besides endocrine influences, genetic, nutritional and other environmental factors play an important role during this transitional period of life.

Aim and Objectives: 1. Clinical study of gynaecological problems in adolescent age group at tertiary care center. 2. To study proportion of different gynaecological problems in adolescent girls.3.To study the etiological factors in different gynaecological problems in adolescent girls.4.To study the treatment modalities in different gynaecological problems in adolescent girls.

Methods: Study Design: Cross sectional study. Study place: OBGY Department of VDGMC Latur, Maharashtra, India. Study Duration: September 2022 to May 2024. Study population: The study was conducted on all adolescent girls who were from urban and rural surroundings of tertiary care center visited the gynecology OPD. Study sample: 180

ResuResult: Majority of gynecological problems are present in late adolescent age group. In 180 cases admitted cases are 12 cases [6.66%] and 168 cases [93.3%] are from OPD.

26 cases who has normal menstrual patterns presented with dysmenorrhea (14 cases) and 8 cases with leucorrhea and 3 cases with dysuria and 1 case with mass per abdomen. most of the cases presented with hirsutism and acne 40 cases (22.22%) followed by Leucorrhoea and itching 29 cases (16.11%), Teenage pregnancy found in 12 cases (6.66%), overweight 6 cases(3.33%), Mass per abdomen 6 cases(3.33%), dysuria 3 cases (1.66%), Precocious puberty 1 case (0.55%) and Delayed puberty 1 case (0.55%).

most common etiopathology was AUB 96 cases (53.33%) followed by PCOS 39 cases (21.66%) and 4 cases diagnosed with Mullerian agnesis (2.22%),14 cases (7.77%)thyroid disorders, 06 cases(3.33%) hyperprolactinemia, 10 cases with vaginal infections and 02 cases with urinary tract infections. most common treatment modalities was Hormonal treatment 56 cases (31.11%) followed by Iron tablets in 59cases (32.77%), Blood transfusions in 2 cases(1.11%),Tranexamic acid in 38cases (21.11%), Mefenamic acid in 32 cases(17.77%),Thyroxin in 14cases[7.77%],Surgery in 10 cases (5.55%),Cabergoline in 4 cases[2.22%],antifungal in 4 cases (2.22%) , Antibiotics in 6 cases[5.55%], AKT in 1 case(0.55%). Many girls treated with multiple modalities.

Conclusions: Dysmenorrhea and heavy menstrual bleeding as predominant symptoms and excessive weight gain is most common examination finding. Majority of cases treated with hormonal treatment and iron supplementation.

Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation: Piroxicam Emulgel for Topical Drug Delivery Systems

Thu, 13 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Piroxicam is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is classified as BCS class II drug (low solubility and high permeability). In the present study preparation of piroxicam loaded emulgel for the topical drug delivery is optimized by the central composite experimental design. The effect of different concentrations of surfactants i.e., span-80 & tween-80 was investigated on zeta potential (mv), polydispersity index (PDI), particle size (nm) & entrapment efficiency. The optimized batch of formulation suggested by the central composite design (CCD) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) & Transmission electron microscopy analysis and also the mechanical and rheological properties were studied. The optimized batch of the formulation possess adequate spreadibility and viscosity. Results of in-vitro release studies revealed that the drug loaded emulgel showed (91.10 %) release in 12 hours dissolution study whereas in-vitro antiinflammatory study determined by egg albumin denaturation method exhibited 98.88% inhibition. However, ex-vivo bioadhesion study displayed the comparable results between piroxicam loaded emulgel (0.036 ± 0.4 N) and marketed Pirox® gel (0.037 ± 0.15). Hence, piroxicam when loaded in emulgel can be administered topically with improved properties.