Impact of Pre-operative Metabolic Markers and Mineral Homeostasis on the Predictability of Dental Implant Osseointegration

Abstract

Effective osseointegration is a long-term highly important factor in the survival of dental implants, and is affected by both surgical procedure and implant design, as well as by the metabolic condition of the system as an individual aspect of the patient. This cross-sectional observational study was carried out to assess the predictive value of pre-operative metabolic markers and mineral homeostasis on dental implant osseointegration. 100 patients who were aged 25-60 years and were in need of dental implant placement were recruited through a consecutive sampling method. The research itself took place at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a Margalla College of Dentistry, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi. The pre-operative metabolism testing included the level of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase. The instruments used in data collection were the Patient Demographic and Medical History Proforma (PDMHP), Pre-operative Metabolic and Mineral Profile Assessment Form (PMMPAF), Implant Stability Evaluation Sheet (ISES) with the help of resonance frequency analysis, and Radiographic Osseointegration Assessment Form (ROAF) based on periapical radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography. Clinical and radiographic assessments of the results of the process of osseointegration were measured at follow-up and compared with the metabolic and mineral profiles before surgery. The results are that metabolic markers and mineral homeostasis disruptions might have adverse implications for the implant osseointegration. Regular pre-operative screening of metabolism could optimize the treatment plan and increase the predictability and long-term effectiveness of dental implant treatment.