The Study of Outcome of Pregnancy with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding and Its Complications

Abstract

Aim: The study of outcome of pregnancy with first trimester vaginal bleeding and its complications.

Methods: A case control study was performed on 250 pregnant women in department of obstetrics and gynaecology in Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Dewas. Subjects were divided into two groups: 1) bleeding in first trimesteras cases 2) no bleeding in first trimester as control. Patients were followed up until delivery and each materno-fetal complication was registered. Results: First trimester bleeding was associated with increased risk of preterm delivery, placenta previa, pregnancy induced hypertension/preeclampsia (PE), Low Birth Weight (LBW) and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission. In our study most common antenatal complication observed in both case and control groups was Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM), seen in 33.6% (n=42) and 13.6% (n=17) respectively which isstatistically highly significant (p<0.001). Other complications observed were preterm labour, Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane (PPROM), antepartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia and gestational hypertension and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR).Outcome of pregnancy in the two groups is shown intable 3. Incidence of Emergency Cesarean section was found to be 57.6% in case group and 19.2% in controlgroup, which was statistically significant (p<0.001).Complications observed were Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH), retained placenta, need of blood transfusion and ICU care. However none of them were statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study suggests that bleeding in the first trimester is correlated with an increased incidence of late pregnancy and perinatal complications and, therefore, these pregnancies should be considered as high risk ones.