A Comparative Study of Complication Rates of Total Thyroidectomy versus Partial Thyroidectomy

Abstract

Background: Thyroidectomy is one of the most commonly performed endocrine surgical procedures. The choice between total thyroidectomy and partial thyroidectomy remains controversial, particularly regarding postoperative complications. This study aims to compare complication rates associated with total versus partial thyroidectomy.

Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted on 100 patients undergoing thyroid surgery at a tertiary care center. Patients were divided into two groups: total thyroidectomy (n=50) and partial thyroidectomy (n=50). Postoperative complications such as hypocalcemia, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hemorrhage, and wound infection were assessed.

Results: The overall complication rate was higher in the total thyroidectomy group (32%) compared to the partial thyroidectomy group (18%). Transient hypocalcemia was significantly more common in total thyroidectomy (20% vs. 6%). Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurred in 6% of total thyroidectomy cases and 2% of partial thyroidectomy cases. No significant difference was observed in wound infection rates.

Conclusion: Total thyroidectomy is associated with a higher complication rate, particularly hypocalcemia, compared to partial thyroidectomy. However, it remains a definitive procedure with lower recurrence risk. Surgical decision-making should balance risks and benefits.