Prevalence of Submucous Fibrosis and Its Association with Eustachian Tube  Dysfunction in Betel Nut Chewers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan

Hammal Khan Naseer Baloch, Ahsan Qureshi, Liaquat Ali, Umera Iftikhar, Shuman Roy, Qammar Yaqub

Prevalence of Submucous Fibrosis and Its Association with Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Betel Nut Chewers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan

Authors

Hammal Khan Naseer Baloch, Ahsan Qureshi, Liaquat Ali, Umera Iftikhar, Shuman Roy, Qammar Yaqub

Keywords:

submucous fibrosis, Eustachian tube dysfunction, betel nut chewing

Abstract

Submucous fibrosis remains asignificant oral potentially malignantdisorder in South Asia, with regional datasuggesting that betel nut chewing is its mostconsistent etiological factor. The functionalimplications of this disease extend beyond the oral cavity, and recent evidence

References

Arakeri G, Patil SG. Areca nut–induced fibrosis: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. J Clin Med. 2022;11(9):2431

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Published

2025-12-17

How to Cite

Hammal Khan Naseer Baloch, Ahsan Qureshi, Liaquat Ali, Umera Iftikhar, Shuman Roy, Qammar Yaqub. (2025). Prevalence of Submucous Fibrosis and Its Association with Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Betel Nut Chewers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan . International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT), 15(2), 3936–3941. Retrieved from https://ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/1342