Compare the Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Metoprolol in Reducing Blood  Loss during Craniotomy

Amjad Ali Qureshi, Maqsood Ahmed Siddiqui, Atique Ur Rehman Orakzai, Sundas Aslam, Attique Afzal Malik, Muhammad Salah

Compare the Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Metoprolol in Reducing Blood Loss during Craniotomy

Authors

Amjad Ali Qureshi, Maqsood Ahmed Siddiqui, Atique Ur Rehman Orakzai, Sundas Aslam, Attique Afzal Malik, Muhammad Salah

Keywords:

Dexmedetomidine, Metoprolol, Craniotomy, Blood loss, Hemodynamic monitoring, Blood transfusion; Intraoperative care; Neurosurgery.

Abstract

Introduction: Excessive bleeding incraniotomies can affect the surgical outcome and postoperative period. The treatment of bloodloss remains an important aspect of themanagement in altering .

References

Smith J, et al. Excessive blood loss in craniotomy: Risk factors and outcomes. J Neurosurg. 2019;131(4): 1101-1107.

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Published

2025-12-20

How to Cite

Amjad Ali Qureshi, Maqsood Ahmed Siddiqui, Atique Ur Rehman Orakzai, Sundas Aslam, Attique Afzal Malik, Muhammad Salah. (2025). Compare the Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Metoprolol in Reducing Blood Loss during Craniotomy. International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT), 15(2), 3957–3960. Retrieved from https://ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/1350