Study of Nerve Conduction Velocity in Normal Subject Having Parental History of Diabetus Mellitus

Abstract

Background: Hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes is associated with micro- and macro-complications and causes autonomic nervous dysfunction. Severe autonomic failure due to sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction typically occurs in patients with long-standing and poorly controlled diabetes. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a standard screening parameter for diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction. Analysis of 5 minutes measurements of heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to be a good predictor of physiological distress and mortality, especially for cardiovascular disease.

Aim and Objectives: 1. To evaluate heart rate variability and nerve conduction velocity in off‐springs of diabetic and nondiabetic parents using autonomic test. 2 To study and compare autonomic nervous activity in off‐springs of diabetic and non‐diabetic parents. 3 To study BMI in off‐springs of diabetic parents.

Methodology: Present study was a cross sectional study done at Department of Physiology, Grant Government Medical College Mumbai during a period of December 2014 to October 2016. The study involved randomly selected 100 students of first year MBBS students, these can be divided in two groups (50 study groups and 50 Control groups) depending on family history of diabetes mellitus and children with parents having diabetes mellitus were taken as study group.

Result: Mean age, height, weight, and BMI in study group and control group Age (years) mean and SD in study group 19.30±1.13 control group 19.22±1.02 p value-0.7104. Height (meters) study group mean, SD- 1.59±0.04 control group SD-1.59±0.07, BMI (Kg/m2) 21.49±1.94 21.89±2.17. Mean systolic blood pressure of study and controls are 110±11.55 and 108.2±6.09 mmHg respectively. There is no significant difference between systolic blood pressure of study group and controls. Mean diastolic blood pressure of study and controls are 76±10.69 and 74.28±5.08 mmHg. There is no significant difference between mean diastolic blood pressure of study and controls. Mean resting heart rate in study and control are 76.74±10.67 and 75.92±9.49 bpm respectively. The resting heart rate in study group was higher but it was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant post test difference in mean DBP of study and controls, no statistically significant difference in SBP. Mean of time domain indices of HRV in study group and Control group. Mean RR (ms) study group mean SD-0.79±0.07 Control mean and SD-0.75±0.051. Mean nerve conduction velocity in median nerve in study group and control group Motor study group mean and SD-61.08±10.14 Control group mean and SD-65.48±4.97

Conclusion: HRV is reduced in nondiabetic offsprings of diabetic parents. Offsprings of diabetic parents showed increased sympathetic as well parasympathetic activity. Impaired vagal activity was found in offsprings of diabetic parents. Decreased HRV is associated with greater risk for developing diabetes mellitus. Further our study suggests that the tendency to developing diabetes mellitus sets in an early age.