A Study of A1 and A2 Subgroup in ABO Blood Group System in Blood Centre of Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the percentage of subgroup A1 and A2 along with ABO blood group in all donors and recipients in a blood centre of a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional study in which data relating to blood grouping of donors and recipients from January 2023 to December 2023 at Bharati Hospital Sangli Blood Centre were collected and analysed.

Results: Among 9674 cases, highest cases were found of Blood Group O positive 2733 (28.25%) followed by B positive 2672 (27.62%), least prevalent blood group found to be was AB Negative 44 (0.45%). Among 9674 cases, 9044 (93.48%) were Rh positive and 630 (6.52%) were Rh negative blood group. Among 9674 cases, 5806 were blood Group O and B while 3868 were blood group A and AB in which A1 positive were 2566 (26.52%) most prevalent among subgroups while A2B 4 cases (0.04%) was least prevalent blood group among them. Out of 2815 cases of blood Group A, A1 was found in 2746 (97.55%) cases while A2 was found in 69 (2.45%) cases. While out of 1053 cases of Blood group AB, A1B was found in 1003(95.25) cases while A2B was found in 50(4.75%) cases.

Conclusion: The present study showed the most common blood group was O positive while A2 and A2B being the least prevalent blood group. The prevalence of the A1 and A2 subtypes of the blood group is notable among individuals with blood group A and AB. Transfusion of incompatible blood may result in potentially fatal transfusion-related responses.