Effects of Air Pollution on Cardiovascular Function, Heart Rate Variability, and Oxidative Stress in Young Adults

Abstract

Background: Air pollution is an established environmental risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet its early subclinical effects in young adults remain underexplored.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of ambient air pollution on cardiovascular parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), and oxidative stress markers in young adults.

Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 participants aged 18–30 years, divided into high- and low-exposure groups based on ambient air quality levels. Blood pressure and HRV were assessed. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured as a marker of oxidative stress. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.

Results: The high-exposure group showed significantly elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) and reduced HRV indices. MDA levels were significantly increased (p < 0.001). Air pollution exposure was identified as an independent predictor of cardiovascular dysfunction.

Conclusion: Air pollution is associated with early cardiovascular alterations, autonomic imbalance, and oxidative stress in young adults, indicating increased long-term cardiovascular risk.