MRI-Based Characterization of Breast Lesions and Its Correlation with Histopathological Subtypes in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients

Abstract

Background: Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly sensitive modality for evaluating breast lesions, offering superior tissue characterization compared to conventional imaging. Its role in correlating imaging features with histopathological subtypes is increasingly important for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Objective: To assess MRI-based characterization of breast lesions and determine its correlation with histopathological subtypes in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, Allied Hospital-1, Faisalabad Medical University, and Central Park Teaching Hospital from June 2024 to March 2025. A total of 100 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients underwent contrast-enhanced MRI prior to histopathological evaluation. MRI findings were interpreted using the BI-RADS lexicon, including lesion morphology, enhancement characteristics, and kinetic curve patterns. Histopathology served as the reference standard. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, and associations were evaluated using the chi-square test.

Results: The mean age of patients was 47.9 ± 9.8 years. Mass lesions were observed in 70% of cases, with irregular margins and heterogeneous enhancement being the most common features. Type III (washout) kinetic curves were present in 62% of lesions. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant histopathological subtype (64%). A significant association was observed between MRI features and histopathological subtypes, particularly irregular margins and washout kinetics with invasive ductal carcinoma (p < 0.001). MRI demonstrated high sensitivity (95%) and diagnostic accuracy (92%).

Conclusion: MRI is a highly effective imaging modality for breast lesion characterization and shows strong correlation with histopathological findings, supporting its role in early diagnosis and treatment planning.