Magnitude and Pattern of Distribution of Cancer in a Tertiary Care Center in Jaipur, Rajasthan

Abstract

Background: Cancer is a major global health concern with a steadily increasing burden in developing countries like India. Regional variations in cancer distribution necessitate localized data to support effective prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to assess the magnitude and pattern of cancer distribution in a tertiary care center in Jaipur, Rajasthan.

Methods: A retrospective, hospital-based observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center from January to December 2024. A total of 530 histopathologically confirmed cancer cases were included. Demographic details, site of cancer, and histopathological patterns were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, with categorical variables expressed as frequencies and percentages. Associations were assessed using the Chi-square test, considering p <0.05 as statistically significant.

Results: The majority of patients were in the 41–60 years age group (44.9%), followed by those aged >60 years (37.2%), with a slight male predominance (52.3%). Oral cavity cancer was the most common malignancy (21.3%), followed by genitourinary (15.1%) and lung cancers (11.9%). Cervical and gastrointestinal cancers each accounted for 7.0% of cases, while breast cancer constituted 4.3%. Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant histopathological type (52.1%), followed by adenocarcinoma (22.3%). A significant association was observed between gender and site of cancer (p <0.001), with oral and lung cancers more common in males, and breast cancers more common in females.

Conclusion: The study highlights a substantial burden of cancer with distinct regional patterns, particularly a high prevalence of oral cavity cancers. These findings emphasize the need for targeted screening, tobacco control measures, and region-specific cancer prevention strategies.