Association of Sialic Acid with Bmi and Waist Circumference in Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Obesity and central adiposity are major risk factors for CAD and are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Serum sialic acid, an acute phase reactant, has been considered a potential inflammatory biomarker in cardiovascular diseases.

Aim: To evaluate serum sialic acid levels in patients with coronary artery disease and to study its association with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference.

Materials and Methods: This hospital-based case-control study included 40 angiographically proven CAD patients and 40 healthy controls of both sexes. Anthropometric measurements including BMI and waist circumference were recorded. Serum sialic acid levels were estimated using the resorcinol periodate method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27.0 and GraphPad Prism version 5. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The majority of CAD patients belonged to the 51–60 years age group, with male predominance. Mean BMI and waist circumference were significantly higher in CAD patients compared to controls (p=0.001). Serum sialic acid levels were markedly elevated in CAD cases (78.6 ± 11.4 mg/dL) compared to controls (54.2 ± 8.7 mg/dL), which was statistically significant (p=0.001). Positive correlations were observed between serum sialic acid and BMI (r=0.61, p=0.002) as well as waist circumference (r=0.69, p=0.001).

Conclusion: Elevated serum sialic acid levels are significantly associated with coronary artery disease, obesity, and central adiposity. Serum sialic acid may serve as a useful inflammatory biomarker for cardiovascular risk assessment.