A Study on Benign Breast Disease Patients and Its Clinical Management at a Tertiary Care Centre of Jharkhand: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Benign breast diseases (BBD) constitute the majority of breast-related complaints presenting to surgical and gynaecological outpatient departments across India. In Jharkhand, a tribal-dominated state with significant healthcare disparities, there is a notable paucity of published data on the clinical profile and management of BBD. The present study was undertaken to bridge this gap.

Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic profile of patients with benign breast disease, to identify associated risk factors, and to assess the clinical management outcomes at a tertiary care centre of Jharkhand.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of twelve months in the Department of Surgery, Tertiary Care Hospital, Jharkhand. A total of 76 patients presenting with breast complaints were enrolled using systematic random sampling after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Relevant clinical examinations, ultrasonography, FNAC, and biopsy were performed. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 23.0, and odds ratios were calculated to determine risk associations.

Results: The mean age of patients was 34.2 ± 9.6 years. Fibroadenoma was the most common diagnosis (36.8%), followed by fibrocystic disease (23.7%) and simple breast cysts (13.2%). Oral contraceptive use (OR = 2.26, p = 0.026) and sedentary lifestyle (OR = 2.10, p = 0.048) were found to be statistically significant risk factors. Surgical excision and conservative medical management were the predominant treatment modalities with satisfactory outcomes.

Conclusion: Benign breast diseases are common among reproductive-age women in Jharkhand. Fibroadenoma remains the predominant pathology. Early diagnosis, patient education, and appropriate clinical management can substantially reduce morbidity. Strengthening breast health services at tertiary level is urgently required.