Role of zinc and vitamin D supplementation in improving growth in malnourished thalassemic children

Abstract

Background: Growth retardation and malnutrition are among the most frequent complications in children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT). Multiple factors including chronic anemia, iron overload, endocrine dysfunction, micronutrient deficiencies, and recurrent transfusions contribute to impaired growth. Zinc and vitamin D deficiencies are highly prevalent among thalassemic children and may significantly influence linear growth and nutritional status. Indian studies have reported a substantial burden of zinc and vitamin D deficiency in pediatric thalassemia populations.

Aim: To evaluate the role of zinc and vitamin D supplementation in improving growth parameters in malnourished thalassemic children.

Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted among 80 malnourished transfusion-dependent thalassemic children aged 2–15 years attending a tertiary care center. Children were divided into two groups: standard care alone and standard care with zinc and vitamin D supplementation. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, BMI, growth velocity, and biochemical parameters were recorded at baseline and after six months.

Results: Significant improvement in weight gain, linear growth, BMI, and serum micronutrient levels was observed in supplemented children (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Zinc and vitamin D supplementation significantly improve growth outcomes among malnourished thalassemic children and should be considered an adjunctive nutritional strategy.