A Study of Compliance of Bronchial Asthma in Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India

Abstract

Background:Asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses in children. Despite availability of effective treatment, poor compliance to therapy is a major factor leading to poor control, recurrent hospitalizations, and reduced quality of life.

Objectives:To assess the compliance of children with asthma to prescribed treatment and to evaluate factors influencing compliance.

Methods:A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in children aged 5–15 years with physician-diagnosed asthma attending the pediatric outpatient clinic. Compliance was assessed using a structured questionnaire and the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Clinical profile, socio-demographic characteristics, and type of therapy were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to determine associations between compliance and discrete parameters.

Results:Out of 120 children studied, 64 (53.3%) had good compliance, 32 (26.6%) had moderate compliance, and 24 (20%) had poor compliance. Compliance was significantly higher in children of parents with higher education level (p < 0.05) and in families from middle/high socioeconomic status. Children using metered-dose inhalers with spacers showed better compliance compared to nebulizer therapy (p < 0.05). Forgetfulness, fear of side effects, cost of medication, and lack of regular follow-up were common reasons for poor adherence. Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores were significantly higher in compliant children compared to poorly compliant ones (21.6 ± 2.3 vs 15.8 ± 3.1, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Compliance to asthma therapy in children remains suboptimal. Parental education, socioeconomic status, and type of drug delivery device significantly influence adherence. Regular counseling, demonstration of inhaler technique, and structured asthma education programs can improve compliance and disease control.