Robotic-Assisted Surgery versus Conventional Laparoscopic Surgery: A Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of Perioperative, Oncologic, Functional, and Economic Outcomes Across Surgical Specialties

Abstract

Background: Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) has expanded rapidly across nearly every surgical subspecialty since its introduction, marketed on the premise of superior dexterity, three-dimensional visualization, and ergonomic advantage over conventional laparoscopic surgery (LS). Whether these theoretical advantages translate into superior patient-centered outcomes remains contested,
particularly given the substantially higher costs and longer operative times consistently associated with RAS.