An Integrated Environmental and Ecotoxicological Assessment of Biomedical Waste Treatment Facilities in Mysuru, India

Abstract

Biomedical waste mismanagement has become a significant environmental and public health issue, especially in areas that are quickly urbanizing. This study evaluates the impact of biomedical waste treatment facilities on Mysuru's public health. In 2023 and 2024, seasonal soil, plant, and groundwater sampling was done near the Shree consulting site, Mysuru city, before and after the monsoon. Heavy metal concentrations were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), whereas physico-chemical properties were examined using standard analytical methods. The results demonstrated that seasonal variations in environmental conditions were substantial. with typically high levels of copper and cadmium. When compared to the control, plant samples showed comparatively reduced heavy metal accumulation, suggesting limited bioavailability and selective metal uptake. Groundwater samples during pre-monsoon seasons displayed higher hardness and ion concentrations (compared to normal range according to BIS IS 10500-2012) due to lower dilution and increased mineral dissolution. The study highlights the environmental issues associated with improper disposal of biological waste as well as the necessity of continuous monitoring and improved waste management strategies. To reduce contamination and safeguard the sustainability of ecosystems, it is recommended to use environmentally friendly treatment technologies and remediation strategies like phytoremediation.

Abbreviations: ICP-AES – Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy; TDS – Total Dissolved Solids; EC – Electrical Conductivity; WHO – World Health Organisation.