Comparative Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Glycemic Control, Weight Reduction, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Introduction: Poor glycemic control, obesity, and increased cardiometabolic risk are all linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are therapeutic benefits to SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists beyond lowering glucose.

Objective: To compare the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists on glycemic control, weight reduction, and cardiometabolic risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Comparative observational study was done at Jinnah International Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from May 2025 to October 2025. HbA1c, body weight, BMI, blood pressure, and lipid profile were measured in both groups of patients.

Results: Glycemic control and metabolic parameters were improved in both treatment groups. The GLP-1 receptor agonist group experienced more decreases in HbA1c and body weight, with improvements also seen in lipids. There were no significant differences in outcomes related to blood pressure between groups.

Conclusions: Both therapies are beneficial and the choice of therapy should depend on the glycemic target, weight management requirements, cardiovascular risk and renal function.