A Clinical Profile of Cystoid Macular Edema following Cataract Surgery at Regional Eye Hospital

Abstract

Background: Despite advantages, significant complication that can lead to visual impairment is cystoid macular edema (CME). If steps are not taken properly to prevent, identify & treat cystoid macular edema, it can be considered as 2nd most common cause of preventable blindness next to cataract. The objective was to study the incidence, risk factors of CME following cataract surgery and to assess the visual prognosis to various treatment modalities. Methods: Prospective, Observational study was conducted at Ophthalmology department at Regional Eye Hospital, Warangal for one year. All patients diagnosed as having CME after cataract surgery were included in this study. Socio demographic details, visual acuity, slit lamp examination, OCT and IOP were measured. 40 patients were divided in to 3 groups depending upon the visual improvement and 3 different treatment modalities were compared. Results: This study included 40 patients with CME of which 38 patients (95%) were implanted with PCIOL and 2 patients (5%) with ACIOL. Out of 22 patients in group A, 14 patients showed resolution of CME. Out of 12 patients in group B, 9 patients showed resolution of CME.Out of 6 patients in group C, 4 patients showed resolution of CME. Postoperative examination revealed 18 patients (45%) had uveitis, 12 patients (30%) had vitritis, 2 patients (5%) had iris incarceration in wound. 2 patients (5%) had vitreous in anterior chamber. Conclusions: Periocular steroids were found to be most effective form of treatment. Topical NSAIDS and topical steroids were also effective in treating Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema and intravitreal steroids can be given in resistant cases. But periocular and intravitreal steroids most commonly associated with raised IOP compared to topical steroids.