Clinico-Anatomical Mapping of Benign Perianal Disorders with Emphasis on Perianal Structural Involvement in Gadap Town, Karachi

Abstract

Background: Benign perianal conditions like hemorrhoids, fissures, fistula-in-ano, and perianal abscesses are common surgical presentations that significantly impair quality of life. Data remains scarce in Pakistan, particularly among underprivileged groups. This study aimed to evaluate the clinico-anatomical spectrum, risk factors, and management of these diseases within the Baloch population of Gadap Town, Karachi.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study at Al-Tibri Medical College Hospital, Gadap Town, Karachi included 300 Baloch patients. Clinical assessment included presenting complaints, examination findings, and risk factors. Patients received either conservative or surgical treatment, depending on the diagnosis. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and mean±standard deviation.

Results: The mean patient age was 33.2 ± 10.7 years, with a male predominance (56.3%). The primary complaint was bleeding per rectum (50.3%), followed by pain with bleeding (24%) and perianal pain (14%). On examination, anal fissures (47%) and internal hemorrhoids (34%) were the predominant diagnoses. Constipation and low dietary fiber intake were identified as major risk factors in over 80% of patients. Treatment was diagnosis-specific, managed conservatively or surgically.

Conclusion: Perianal diseases, specifically fissures and hemorrhoids, are highly prevalent in the Baloch population of Gadap Town. Constipation and dietary habits are critical contributors. Management aligns with diagnosis, combining conservative and surgical approaches. These findings highlight the importance of community education regarding preventive strategies for lifestyle modification.