Contemporary Screening and Evidence-Based Treatment Approaches for Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, resulting from hyperglycemia-induced microvascular damage to the retinal vasculature. The condition is often asymptomatic in early stages, making timely detection crucial.

Objective: This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current strategies for screening, diagnosing, and managing diabetic retinopathy, with a focus on evidence-based interventions that reduce disease burden and preserve visual function.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature and critical analysis of clinical guidelines were performed to evaluate diagnostic approaches and therapeutic options, including laser photocoagulation, intravitreal pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions.

Results: Early detection has been significantly enhanced by modalities such as dilated fundus examinations, high-resolution fundus imaging, and teleophthalmology. Stage-specific interventions— including panretinal photocoagulation, anti-VEGF therapy, and vitrectomy—have proven highly effective in preventing vision loss at various stages of DR.

Conclusion: Comprehensive management integrating systematic screening, early diagnosis, and stageappropriate therapy is essential to reduce both the visual and socioeconomic impact of diabetic retinopathy.