Clinical Profile and Management Outcomes of Necrotizing Fasciitis: A Prospective Observational Study of 48 Cases

Abstract

Introduction: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressive soft tissue infection associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and aggressive management are crucial for improving outcomes.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical profile, microbiological spectrum, and management outcomes of necrotizing fasciitis.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 48 patients diagnosed with NF over 18 months in General Surgery Department at Vedanta Institute of Medical Sciences Palghar, a tertiary care center catering to tribal population. Data regarding demographics, clinical presentation, comorbidities, microbiology, treatment, and outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: The mean age was 65.5 years, with male predominance (85.4%). Lower limb involvement was most common (58.3%). Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent comorbidity (43.7%). Monomicrobial infections were predominant (68.7%), with Staphylococcus species being the most common organism (20.8%). Surgical debridement was performed in 83.3% of cases. The most common complication was dermal gangrene (87.5%). No mortality was observed.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in necrotizing fasciitis.