Incidence and Survival Outcome Analysis of Glioblastoma in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Retrospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults, associated with poor prognosis despite advances in multimodal therapy.

Objective: To analyze the incidence, clinicodemographic profile, and survival outcomes of glioblastoma patients in a tertiary care centre.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 48 histopathologically confirmed glioblastoma patients treated between September 2020 and October 2023. Data regarding age, gender, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were collected from medical records. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis method, and results were expressed as median survival and overall survival rates.

Results: The majority of patients were in the 50–75 years age group (75%), with a male predominance (62.5%). Multimodal treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) was administered in 45.8% of cases. The median overall survival was approximately 16–18 months. Most patients survived between 12–24 months, while the 2-year overall survival rate was 18.8%. Patients receiving combined modality treatment demonstrated relatively improved survival compared to those receiving single modality or palliative care.

Conclusion: Glioblastoma remains an aggressive malignancy with limited survival outcomes. Age and treatment modality significantly influence prognosis, with multimodal therapy offering a survival advantage. Early diagnosis and comprehensive management are essential to improve outcomes. Further large-scale prospective studies are warranted to explore additional prognostic factors and optimize treatment strategies.