Comparative Outcomes in Endobag versus Direct Extraction of Gall Bladder Specimen in Laproscopic Cholecystectomy from a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Aims & Objectives: To evaluate and compare the incidence of spillage and contamination during endo bag extraction and direct extraction. To assess the operative time difference between the two techniques.

Materials and Methods:

SAMPLE: Patient admitted in the Institute of General Surgery, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital and who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the period August 2024 to March 2025.

Sample Size: 132 STUDY: Prospective cohort study

Inclusion Criteria: Patient above 18 years of age Patients diagnosed with symptomatic gallbladder disease requiring laparoscopic cholecystectomy (e.g., cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis). Patients who provide informed consent to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria: Complicated Gallbladder Disease: Cases with acute cholecystitis, empyema, or gangrene of the gallbladder, where emergency intervention is necessary. Previous Abdominal Surgery: Patients with a history of major abdominal surgeries leading to significant adhesions, which may impact gallbladder retrieval. Conversion to Open Surgery: Patients requiring conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy during the procedure

Results

In our study 132 cases were included who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and there were 66 patients in Group A, where direct extraction of gall bladder was done and 66 cases in Group B, where endobag extraction was done. The age range of the patients were in the range 20 – 75 years. Male: female ratio was found to be 1:1 in our study. Around 85% patients in the study had comorbidities. In around, 53.79% cases the extraction was done through epigastric port while 46.21% cases it was done through umbilical port. The mean operative time in Group A was found to be 81.03 min and in group B it was 77.3 min and the p value was 0.04 which showed that direct extraction consumed more time than endobag extraction. Group B had significant decrease in stone spillage, bile spillage, port site spillage, port site infection, port site hernia when compared to Group A