Frequency of Complications after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Keywords:
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Postoperative Complications, Bile Leakage, Surgical Site Infection, Minimally Invasive Surgery.Abstract
Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the mode of operation used in the treatment of symptomatic gallstones because it is minimal in nature, reduces hospital stay, and recovery time. It, however, does not come without complications like all surgical procedures. It is clear that knowing which, and how often, postoperative complications occur is necessary to enhance patient outcomes and surgical safety.
Aim: This study aims at establishing the frequency and type of complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases evaluated at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan.
Methods: This is a descriptive observational study that was carried out at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan, between May 2024 and April 2025. Eighty-four patients that had true-laparoscopic cholecystectomy were taken. The inclusion criteria were patients with cholelithiasis or with chronic cholecystitis, and who were called laparoscopic surgery candidates. The exclusion criteria encompassed patients undergoing emergency operations, conversions to open cholecystectomy, pre-existing comorbid complication that may affect outcome. The data were gathered on the postoperative complications such as bile leakage, hemorrhage, surgical site infection, and surrounding organs injury. The 30 days post-operative follow up was done on all patients. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data.
Findings: Sixty-six out of 84 patients had no postoperative issues (78.6 percent). Of the 18 patients (21.4%) who experienced complications, 15 (18%) had INF related complications. Three patients experienced surgical site infection (3.6%) as the most frequent complication, along with bile leakages (6.0%). There were hemorrhage in 3 cases (3.6%) and damage to neighboring structures that include the common bile duct in 3 cases (3.6%). No death was recorded in the course of research.
Conclusion: Much lower complication rate was observed in reduction laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which confirms that it is safer and effective. The most prevalent complications entailed surgical site infection and bile leakage. The most important part in reducing adverse outcomes is good surgery and selection of patients, and close monitoring under surgery.
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