Prospective Longitudinal Study of Inflammatory Biomarker Trajectories  and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Haseeb Ullah Khan, Sana Afzal, Rizwan Ali Tunio, Awais Maqbool, Rehan Hassan Khan Niazi, Usman Zeeshan

Prospective Longitudinal Study of Inflammatory Biomarker Trajectories and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Authors

Haseeb Ullah Khan, Sana Afzal, Rizwan Ali Tunio, Awais Maqbool, Rehan Hassan Khan Niazi, Usman Zeeshan

Keywords:

Ventilator-associated pneumonia, inflammatory biomarkers, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, intensive care

Abstract

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)remains one of the most frequenthealthcare-associated infections amongcritically ill patients receiving mechanicalventilation and is associated with prolongedintensive care unit (ICU) stay, increasedhealthcare costs, and substantial mortality. Although inflammatory biomarkers

References

1. Torres A, Niederman MS, Chastre J, Ewig S, Fernandez-Vandellos P, Hanberger H, et al. International ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of hospital-acquiredpneumonia Eur Respir J.2017;50(3):1700582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00582

2017

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Published

2026-08-11

How to Cite

Haseeb Ullah Khan, Sana Afzal, Rizwan Ali Tunio, Awais Maqbool, Rehan Hassan Khan Niazi, Usman Zeeshan. (2026). Prospective Longitudinal Study of Inflammatory Biomarker Trajectories and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia . International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT), 16(2), 2463–2471. Retrieved from https://ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/2712