Sugary Snack Intake Frequency, Socioeconomic Status, and Oral Hygiene Compliance among Adolescents with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Abstract

Background: This study evaluated the relationships among sugary snack intake frequency, socioeconomic status (SES), parental supervision, treatment duration, and clinical oral hygiene outcomes in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 132 adolescent patients (aged 12–18 years) with a minimum of 6 months of fixed orthodontic treatment selected via systematic random sampling. Structured questionnaires recorded snack intake frequency, SES, treatment duration, parental supervision, and self-care compliance. Plaque accumulation was measured using the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, multivariable regression, and mediation/moderation analysis via the PROCESS macro (p < 0.05).

Results: High dietary snack frequency and extended treatment duration (>24 months) were significantly associated with elevated plaque accumulation and lower compliance. Snack frequency mediated the relationship between lower SES and higher plaque scores. Active parental supervision served as a significant moderating variable, correlating with lower plaque buildup, particularly in patients with high dietary snack intake.

Conclusion: Extended orthodontic treatment duration, frequent sugary snack consumption, and lower SES are significantly associated with poor oral hygiene compliance and plaque accumulation. Targeted dietary counseling and structured, direct parental involvement correlate with improved clinical outcomes during fixed appliance therapy.