Integrated Respiratory, Hemodynamic, and Cardiac Predictors of Prolonged  Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive  Pulmonary Disease

Muhammad Azam, Muhammad Omer Ajmal, Rizwan Ali Tunio, Aatir Fayyaz, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Asif Hussain

Integrated Respiratory, Hemodynamic, and Cardiac Predictors of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Authors

Muhammad Azam, Muhammad Omer Ajmal, Rizwan Ali Tunio, Aatir Fayyaz, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Asif Hussain

Keywords:

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; acute exacerbation; mechanical ventilation; prolonged ventilation; respiratory failure; hemodynamic instability; cardiac dysfunction; troponin; NT-proBNP; echocardiography

Abstract

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease (AECOPD) is animportant cause of intensive care unitadmission and respiratory failure. Although respiratory abnormalities are central toventilatory dependence, hemodynamicinstability and cardiac dysfunction

References

1. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: 2025 Report. GOLD; 2025.

Downloads

Published

2026-09-28

How to Cite

Muhammad Azam, Muhammad Omer Ajmal, Rizwan Ali Tunio, Aatir Fayyaz, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Asif Hussain. (2026). Integrated Respiratory, Hemodynamic, and Cardiac Predictors of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT), 16(2), 5566–5577. Retrieved from https://ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/3213