Incisional Hernia Following Cesarean Section and Associated Risk Factors

Abstract

Background: Incisional hernia is a long-term complication following cesarean section, associated with maternal and surgical risk factors.

Aim: To determine the frequency of incisional hernia following cesarean section and identify associated risk factors.

Materials and Methods: This hospital-based observational study included 160 women with previous cesarean delivery. Participants were divided into incisional hernia and non-hernia groups. Demographic, obstetric, surgical, and postoperative factors were compared using appropriate statistical tests.

Results: In the dataset, incisional hernia was observed in 24 (15.0%) women. Mean age (34.8 ± 5.6 versus 30.9 ± 5.2 years; p = 0.003) and BMI (29.6 ± 4.3 versus 25.8 ± 3.7 kg/m²; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the hernia group. Multiple previous cesarean sections (p = 0.007), vertical midline incision (p = 0.002), surgical site infection (p < 0.001), and wound dehiscence (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with incisional hernia.

Conclusion: Obesity, repeated cesarean deliveries, surgical factors, and postoperative wound complications may contribute to incisional hernia development. Appropriate risk assessment and preventive surgical practices are essential.