Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Antral Follicle Count as Predictors of Ovarian Reserve in Infertile Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Ovarian reserve assessment is an essential aspect of assessing a woman's fertility and reproductive management. Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and Antral Follicle Count (AFC) are effective indicators of ovarian follicular reserve and reproductive potential in infertile women.

Objective: To assess the utility of serum AMH and AFC as a predictor of ovarian reserve in infertile women and the relationship with reproductive characteristics.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2024 to July 2025 at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, KRL Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan. Consecutive non-probability sampling was used to recruit 120 infertile women between the ages of 20 and 40. Detailed demographic and reproductive history data were acquired. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent test was used to measure the AMH levels in the early follicular phase, and transvaginal ultrasonography was used to assess the AFC. SPSS version 26 was used for statistical analysis. The determinants of ovarian reserve were found using multivariate regression and correlation analysis.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 31.8 ± 4.9 years. AMH and AFC levels were considerably lower in women with limited ovarian reserve compared to those with normal ovarian reserve (p<0.001). There was a significant positive association (r = 0.74, P<0.001) between the AMH and AFC levels. As age increased, a strong negative connection between AMH and AFC levels was discovered. The greatest independent predictor of ovarian reserve status, according to the multivariate regression analysis, was serum AMH.

Conclusion: The serum AMH and AFC are reliable and clinically valuable markers of ovarian reserve in infertile women. The simultaneous evaluation of these markers could be useful in assessing infertility, in reproductive counseling, and in designing personalized fertility treatment plans.