Effect of Toothbrush Replacement Frequency on Plaque and Gingival Inflammation: A Clinical Study Comparing 1-Month Vs 3-Month Replacement Intervals

Abstract

Background: Continuous use of a toothbrush wears it down. This impacts plaque removal and may worsen gingival inflammation. Although some guidelines suggest a 3-month replacement, there is evidence for improved plaque removal with replacement after 1 month.

Aim of Study: This study examines the effect of 1 month and 3 month replacement intervals on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation.

Methodology: 120 adult participants of either sex (aged 18-50 years) and with habitual tooth brushing were enrolled (balanced to n=60 per group). Group A replaced toothbrushes once a month and Group B, once in 3 months. Scores for the Plaque and Gingival indices (PI and GI respectively) were recorded before and after 3 months. SPSS version 26 was used for statistical analysis. Independent t-tests and paired t-tests were used to compare the results for statistical significance with p < 0.05.

Results: Initial scores for plaque and gingival indices were similar across both groups (p > 0.05). Group A was observed to have a lower Plaque Index (PI) score in the 3 month assessment (3 month replacement A; PI = 0.89 ± 0.34) compared to Group B (3 month replacement B; PI = 1.28 ± 0.41; p = 0.001). Group A also had a lower Gingival Index (GI) score (GI = 0.74 ± 0.29) compared to Group B (GI = 1.12 ± 0.37; p = 0.002). Both groups showed some improvement from initial assessment. Group A showed a greater reduction in plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation scores as compared to group B.

Conclusion: Compared to the three-month replacement standard, replacing a toothbrush every month led to better plaque control and less gingival inflammation. Improved oral hygiene and better periodontal health may be possible by replacing a toothbrush more often.