Prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Associated Risk Factors In Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Pakistan

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and to assess its associated risk factors in patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome attending the infertility clinic of Gynae department, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan.

Study Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the outpatient department of the Gynae unit at Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan from January 01, 2020 to October 01, 2020.

Materials and Methods: A total of 106 patients diagnosed with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome were enrolled. Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome was made based on the 2003 Rotterdam criteria (Table. 5). Height and weight were recorded to calculate BMI and venous blood sampling was performed for the measurement of Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Fasting plasma Insulin and HOMA-IR. The frequency of IFG was determined using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria and its correlation with age, BMI and HOMA-IR was explored. WHO BMI cut-offs modified for the Asian population were used.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 28.6 ± 4.1 years. The frequency of IFG (Pre-diabetes) was found to be 16 % (n=17. IFG was significantly more common in patients aged > 30 years. Approximately 57% of the patients with IFG (FBS >100) were obese (BMI ≥30) and Mean BMI was significantly higher in elevated FBS group (32.7 vs 28.4, p<0.001). Approximately 76% of patients with FBS >100 had HOMA-IR >2.5 indicating insulin resistance, and a positive correlation was found between HOMA-IR and FBS (r=0.62, p<0.001).

Conclusion:  A significant proportion of PCOS patients have impaired fasting glucose (Prediabetes), particularly those with advancing age, obesity and higher HOMA-IR.