Toxicological Profiling Of Road Traffic Accident Victims: A Cross-Sectional Audit of Benzodiazepine and Opiate Influence

Abstract

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major problem in Pakistan. This study aimed to assess the toxicological profile of RTA victims, specifically highlighting the prevalence and influence of benzodiazepines and opiates. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana between July 2025 and January 2026. A structured predefined proforma was used to collect comprehensive sociodemographic data for the toxicological audit, urine samples were collected as soon as the patient was stabilized. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 21. Our study revealed that at least 27 (28.1%) and 20 (20.8%) patients screened positive for benzodiazepines and opiates, respectively. The data demonstrates a clear and statistically significant link between opiate use and worse crash outcomes (p = 0.015). While a noticeable clinical trend emerged—with fatal crashes exhibiting the highest proportion of benzodiazepine-positive victims (41.7%) compared to mild crashes (12.5%)—this association did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.368). Our analysis revealed an alarming prevalence of central nervous system depressants, with 28.1% (n=27) and 20.8% (n=20) of RTA victims testing positive for benzodiazepines and opiates, respectively. We propose robust public health awareness campaigns and stricter enforcement of safety gear regulations, fines, and suspension of driving licenses to prevent such accidents.