An Observational Study of Childhood Iron Deficiency Anemia and the Factors Affecting the Outcome of Oral Iron Therapy

Abstract

Aim: To assess the childhood iron deficiency anemia and the factors affecting the outcome of oral iron therapy

Materials and Methods: This hospital-based observational study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics at… Hospital, over a period of six months. The study population included children aged 1–5 years attending the outpatient department (OPD), casualty, and inpatient department with symptoms suggestive of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). A total of 50 participants were included in the study.

Results: Successful correction of iron deficiency anemia was significantly associated with morning administration of iron therapy, intake on an empty stomach, and co-administration with lime/curd/orange, suggesting improved iron absorption. In contrast, night-time dosing, intake with food or tea/milk, gastrointestinal side effects, hospital admissions, low birth weight, and poor weight-for-height were associated with poorer treatment outcomes. These findings indicate that administration practices, dietary factors, and treatment-related side effects significantly influence the effectiveness of iron therapy.

Conclusion: Factors such as low socioeconomic status, low birth weight, inadequate feeding practices, pica, and parasitic infestation were associated with IDA. Treatment response was significantly influenced by proper iron administration practices and dietary factors, highlighting the importance of caregiver education and nutritional counseling for improving treatment outcomes.