Public Health Based Study on Association of Drug Exposure and Self-Medication Practices with Changes in Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Liver cirrhosis is a chronic, progressive liver condition marked by fibrosis and irreversible structural damage that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The use of non-prescribed medications, over-the-counter drugs, and herbal products can contribute to drug-induced liver injury and may worsen hepatic damage. This study aimed to examine the relationship between medication use, self-medication practices, and morphological changes in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methodology: A cross-sectional clinical study was conducted among 250 patients with confirmed liver cirrhosis attending a tertiary care hospital. Data regarding demographic characteristics, medication history, self-medication practices, and clinical findings were collected using a structured questionnaire. Radiological assessment was performed using abdominal ultrasonography to evaluate liver morphology, portal hypertension, splenomegaly, ascites, and regenerative nodules. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22.0, with p-values <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: Among the participants, 68.4% reported self-medication practices. The most commonly used medications were NSAIDs, analgesics, antibiotics, and herbal remedies. Radiological findings revealed surface nodularity (82.8%), splenomegaly (65.2%), portal hypertension (62.0%), ascites (58.4%).

Conclusion: Self-medication and prolonged exposure to potentially hepatotoxic drugs are  significantly associated with adverse morphological changes in liver cirrhosis. The findings emphasize the importance of rational drug use, patient education, and regular medical supervision to prevent disease progression and improve clinical outcomes in cirrhotic patients.