Comparative Study of Serum Vitamin D in the Urban and Rural Adult Population of Larkana District

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency is a global phenomenon and a significant risk factor for various metabolic disorders. The current investigation emphasizes the notable disparities in serum vitamin D concentrations and lipid profiles between adult populations in urban and rural settings. A total of 264 individuals were chosen. Blood samples were collected and serum vitamin D levels and parameters assessed using automated enzymatic colorimetric techniques, all according to standardized procedures. Information on demographic traits, family history, physical activity, and sun exposure was gathered using structured questionnaires. The present findings showed that the BMI value in the rural area ranged from 11.07 to 47.34, with an average of 29.43 and a standard deviation of 9.05. The rural region presents a more dependable range of BMI values. The average BMI value was 29.43, which is somewhat lower than that of the urban area. The mean vitamin D score for the urban group was 18.39, significantly lower than that of the rural group. People living in urban areas tended to indicate that they engaged in less physical activity. Physical activity levels of urban and rural participants differed significantly with respect to Vitamin D, indicated by a P-value of less than 0.001. Vitamin deficiency or insufficiency affects most individuals across both rural and urban settings, irrespective of age, with those aged 31 to 50 being the most impacted. None show signs of vitamin intoxication, and only a small number of individuals have adequate vitamin levels. Pointing out the necessity of enhanced understanding of nutrition and possible supplements, particularly among younger and middle-aged individuals. The means of the age groups do not differ statistically significantly, as all p-values exceed 0.05. Even though the Age 31–50 group exhibits greater variance, the central tendencies of the distributions. The findings indicate that young individuals in rural areas exhibit a significantly higher level of physical activity compared to those in urban areas. This could be a reflection of how the two environments differ in terms of infrastructure, environmental elements, lifestyle, and work needs.